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Influence of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Fok1 Polymorphism on Bone Mass Accrual Post Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation

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Abstract

Objective

To examine the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms of the Fok1 locus on bone mass accrual in Indian girls used to a low calcium intake.

Methods

An intervention trial was undertaken in 102 girls aged 8–16 y, attending a state run school in Pune city, India. All girls received 500 mg calcium daily and 30,000 IU of vitamin D3 quarterly for one year. Dietary calcium intake was evaluated. Bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured at total body using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (Lunar DPX-PRO). Polymorphisms of the Fok1 locus of the vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene were detected using SYBR Green quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

The prevalence of Fok1 polymorphism was 43.1 %(Ff), 9.8 %(ff) and 47.1 %(FF). At baseline, FF genotype had significantly lower BMD as compared to ff and Ff genotype (p < 0.05). At baseline, majority of girls (82.4 %) were hypocalcemic with low calcium intake. Post-supplementation, FF genotype had significantly lower bone mass as compared to ff and Ff genotype. Significant increase in BMC [Ff (17.9 %); ff(18.1 %); FF (17.4 %)], and BMD [Ff (5.4 %); ff (6.3 %); FF (4.8 %)] was observed post supplementation (p value < 0.05), though percentage increase in BMC and BMD was similar for three Fok1 polymorphisms (p > 0.1).

Conclusions

VDR gene polymorphism, as defined by Fok1 genotype had no positive influence on bone mass accrual in response to calcium supplementation.

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Abbreviations

25[OH]D:

25 Hydroxy Vitamin D

BA:

Bone Area

BMC:

Bone Mineral Content

BMD:

Bone Mineral Density

DXA:

Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

iCal:

Ionized Calcium

LBM:

Lean Body Mass

PBM:

Peak Bone Mass

PTH:

Parathyroid Hormone

qPCR:

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

RDA:

Recommended Dietary Allowance

tCa:

Total Calcium

VDR:

Vitamin D Receptor

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the participating girls and their parents for their participation in this study. They are also grateful to Dr. Uma Divate, Director, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute for her support in the study. They would like to thank Dr. M Zulf Mughal, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK for his valuable guidance during the study and manuscript preparation. They are grateful to Ms Deepa Pillay, Mrs. Shamim Momin and Mr. Jagdish Sanwalka for their help with the study. They are also grateful to Dr. Ravinder Goswami, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India for providing them with controls for genotype for this study.

Contributions

NS: Manuscript preparation and data collection; AK and VK: Conceptualization of the study and manuscript preparation; SC: Data analysis and conceptualization of the study; NP and KK: Genetics. AK will act as guarantor for this paper.

Conflict of Interest

None.

Source of Funding

Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Biostatistics, NutriCanvas, Mumbai, India

    Neha Sanwalka

  2. Department of Growth and Endocrine, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Old Building Basement, 32, Sassoon Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411001, India

    Anuradha Khadilkar, Shashi Chiplonkar & Vaman Khadilkar

  3. Department of Molecular Diagnostics, GenePath Diagnostics, Pune, India

    Kavita Khatod & Nikhil Phadke

Authors
  1. Neha Sanwalka
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  2. Anuradha Khadilkar
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  3. Shashi Chiplonkar
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  4. Kavita Khatod
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  5. Nikhil Phadke
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  6. Vaman Khadilkar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anuradha Khadilkar.

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Sanwalka, N., Khadilkar, A., Chiplonkar, S. et al. Influence of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Fok1 Polymorphism on Bone Mass Accrual Post Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation. Indian J Pediatr 82, 985–990 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-015-1783-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-015-1783-6

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