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Efficacy and safety of statin use in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials

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Abstract

Purpose

Statins are the mainstay of treatment for patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). However, their efficacy and safety in children and adolescents with FH has not been well-documented. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate and meta-analyze the best available evidence from randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the efficacy and safety of statins in this population.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane, up to 10 January 2020. Data were expressed as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The I2 index was employed for heterogeneity.

Results

Ten RCTs were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis (1191 patients, aged 13.3 ± 2.5 years). Compared with placebo, statins led to a mean relative reduction in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride and apolipoprotein B (apo-B) concentrations by −25.5% (95% CI −30.4%, −20.5%; I2 91%), −33.8% (95% CI −40.1%, −27.4%; I2 90%), −8.4% (95% CI −14.8%, −2.03%; I2 26%) and −28.8% (95% CI −33.9%, −23.6%; I2 83%), respectively. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased by 3.1% (95% CI 1.1%−5.2%; I2 0%). Statins were well-tolerated, with no significant differences in transaminase and creatine kinase levels or other adverse effects compared with placebo. Statins exerted no effect on growth or sexual development.

Conclusion

Statins are quite effective in reducing TC, LDL-C, TG and apo-B and increasing HDL-C concentrations in children and adolescents with FH. No safety issues were seen with statin use.

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Author contributions

PA designed the study, analysed the data and wrote the first draft of the paper. K.V., P.K., C.M. and K.P. searched the literature and extracted the data. V.G.A. and D.P.M. reviewed the manuscript and provided critical scientific input. D.G.G. resolved discrepancies regarding the quality of the studies included in the meta-analysis, provided critical scientific input and had the primary responsibility for the paper’s final content. All authors approved the final version of the text.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Panagiotis Anagnostis, Konstantina Vaitsi, Panagiota Kleitsioti, Chrysanthi Mantsiou, Konstantinos Pavlogiannis & Dimitrios G. Goulis

  2. 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Vasilios G. Athyros

  3. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK

    Dimitri P. Mikhailidis

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Anagnostis, P., Vaitsi, K., Kleitsioti, P. et al. Efficacy and safety of statin use in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Endocrine 69, 249–261 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02302-8

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