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Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Na and F Elements Co-Doped LiFePO4/C as a Cathode Material for High-Rate Lithium-Ion Batteries and the Mechanism of Modification

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Abstract

LiFePO4 has become a mainstream cathode material, owing to its good safety and low price. However, its intrinsic limitations in terms of electronic and ionic conductivities hinder its further advancements. To overcome this challenge, element do** has been explored to enhance its conductivity. Here, Na and F co-doped LiFePO4/C was successfully synthesized via a carbothermic method. Structural characterization techniques were employed to confirm the formation of Li0.97Na0.03FePO3.97F0.03 with controllable particle sizes. The incorporation of Na and F ions into the LiFePO4 lattice results in a reduction of the Li-O bond energy. This decrease in bond energy facilitates the extraction and insertion of lithium ions during the charge and discharge processes, subsequently improving the overall kinetics of lithium-ion diffusion. Simultaneously, lattice distortion induced by do** led to charge compensation and accelerated Li+ migration. Benefiting from the enhancement of intrinsic conductivity and Li+ diffusivity, the specific capacitance of the co-doped LiFePO4/C cathode material was found to be 160 and 110 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 5 C, respectively. Further, density functional theory calculations showed that Na/F co-do** enhanced the structural evolution in the material and increased free carrier concentration in LiFePO4. This work demonstrates that synergistic Na and F co-do** can optimize the rate performance of LiFePO4 by enhancing intrinsic conductivity and Li+ diffusivity, suggesting promising applications of the co-doped LiFePO4/C in high-power lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles and grid-level energy storage systems.

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Acknowledgements

The project was supported by Science and Technology Program of Jiangxi Province in China (20212BAB204025).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials, Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China

    Jie He, Jiaming Liu, **uyuan Yu & Qingsheng Liu

  2. School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China

    Chao Yang

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He, J., Liu, J., Yu, X. et al. Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Na and F Elements Co-Doped LiFePO4/C as a Cathode Material for High-Rate Lithium-Ion Batteries and the Mechanism of Modification. JOM (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-024-06664-6

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