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Priming of indirect defence responses in maize is shown to be genotype-specific

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Abstract

Priming is an induced defence mechanism in which plants that have been exposed to elicitors, such as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), go into an alert state with faster and stronger responses against a future biotic challenge. This study evaluated whether HIPVs emitted by maize genotypes after herbivory by fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larvae could prime neighbouring maize plants for an enhanced indirect defence response, and if priming was consistent across different genotypes. Two genotypes were selected based on their differences in HIPV emission: Sintético Spodoptera (SS), a relatively high emitter of HIPVs, and L3, a relatively low emitter of HIPVs. SS plants that were previously exposed to SS HIPVs initiated earlier and enhanced volatile production upon larval challenge, compared to SS plants that were previously exposed to SS undamaged plant volatiles. In addition, SS plants exposed to SS HIPVs and then to larval challenge attracted an egg parasitoid, Telenomus remus, at an earlier stage than SS plants that were only subjected to larval challenge, indicating a priming effect. There was no evidence of a priming response by L3 plants that were previously exposed to L3 or SS HIPVs. When comparing the gene expression of HIPV-exposed and undamaged plant volatile (UDV)-exposed plants, jasmonate-induced protein GRMZM2G05154 and UDP-glucosyltransferase bx8 genes related to the biosynthesis of DIBOA-Glu were upregulated. These data indicate that priming by HIPVs enhances indirect defence in maize plants as reported by other studies, and provide new information showing that the priming effect can be genotype-specific.

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All data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and within its supplementary materials published online.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Isabela Grisi, Sulian Gomes de Azevedo and Helio Moreira do Santos for hel** with laboratory rearing of the insects. Dr. Ivan Cruz for providing the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus to establish our colony. This work received financial support from the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq), the Federal District Research Foundation (FAP-DF-CONFAP Grant 193000003/2015) and the Brazilian Corporation of Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA). The work at Rothamsted forms part of the Smart Crop Protection (SCP) strategic programme (BBS/OS/CP/000001) funded through Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council’s Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund. This work was also supported by a BBSRC-Newton Fund Grant BB/M029204/1.

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  1. Semiochemicals Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Mirian F. F. Michereff, Raúl A. Laumann, Pedro H. C. Schimmelpfeng, Miguel Borges & Maria Carolina Blassioli-Moraes

  2. Bioinformatics Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Priscila Grynberg, Roberto C. Togawa & Marcos M. C. Costa

  3. State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China

    **g-Jiang Zhou

  4. School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK

    John A. Pickett

  5. Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK

    Michael A. Birkett

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Contributions

MFFM, MCBM, MAB, JJZ, MB, RAL and PG conceived the ideas and designed methodology; MFFM, PHCS and MCBM collected the data; MFFM, MCBM, RCT, MMCC and PG analysed the data; MFFM, MB, PG and MCBM led writing of the manuscript. All authors contributed critically to the drafts and gave final approval for publication.

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Correspondence to Maria Carolina Blassioli-Moraes.

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Michereff, M.F.F., Grynberg, P., Togawa, R.C. et al. Priming of indirect defence responses in maize is shown to be genotype-specific. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 15, 313–328 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-021-09826-4

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