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Application of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of aromatic compounds from contaminated water

  • Separation Technology, Thermodynamics
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Abstract

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) was synthesized from TBAB and decanoic acid and used to study the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbon from contaminated water samples. DES was screened by selecting different ratios between the TBAB and decanoic acid. A ratio of 1: 2 was observed to be the best among others and was used for the desired application. Within the temperature range of 25–70 °C, physicochemical properties such as density (944–915 kg/m3), viscosity (1,636–179 mPa·s), conductivity (141–1,007 µS/cm), and pH (3.14–2.73) of the synthesized DES were determined. For the extraction study, benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX)-doped water were used as a simulated contaminated water. Response surface methodology was employed in modeling and optimizing the effects of temperature, time, and solvent mass fraction on the extraction efficiency of the DES. Extraction efficiency of 68.1%, 70.84% and 77.73% for BTX, respectively, was recorded at optimum values of 25 °C, 60 min and 0.6 (solvent mass fraction). Extraction efficiency as high as 86.61%, 88.94%, and 92.71% for BTX, respectively, can be obtained within the design space. Effective regeneration and reuse of the DES after each extraction was carried out for five consecutive cycles; their results showed no significant decrease in their respective extraction efficiencies and recovery of the DES. This, therefore, improves the overall performance of hydrophobic DES for the extraction process.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT), Zaria, Nigeria and the Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu University, Zaria, Nigeria for financial and technical supports rendered in carrying out this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

    Abdullahi Yakubu, Suleiman Mohammed Shuwa, Abdulazeez Yusuf Atta & Baba Yakubu Jibril

  2. National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

    Zaharaddeen Sani Gano & Omar Umar Ahmed

  3. Dangote Fertilizer Limited, Lagos, Nigeria

    Abdullahi Yakubu

Authors
  1. Abdullahi Yakubu
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  2. Zaharaddeen Sani Gano
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  3. Omar Umar Ahmed
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  4. Suleiman Mohammed Shuwa
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  5. Abdulazeez Yusuf Atta
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  6. Baba Yakubu Jibril
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Correspondence to Zaharaddeen Sani Gano.

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Yakubu, A., Gano, Z.S., Ahmed, O.U. et al. Application of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of aromatic compounds from contaminated water. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 39, 1299–1306 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0994-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0994-y

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