Abstract
Preparation, characterization and catalytic activity of Zr-and Ce-Zr pillared clays with different method (direct, indirect, and under reflux), starting from Tunisian interstratified illite-smectite bentonite, are described. Zirconium pillared clays (Zr-PILC) revealed weaker thermal stability. To overcome this drawback, the addition of cerium (Ce) as the second metal component to Zr-PILC was attempted. Wet peroxide oxidation of phenol from industrial wastewaters was carried out over these catalysts. The catalysts were very efficient in the phenol oxidation reaction in diluted aqueous medium under mild experimental conditions (298 K and atmospheric pressure). The addition of Ce in the synthesis step of the inorganic polycations yielded a favorable effect on the pillaring of the materials, allowing the increase of the basal spacing and enhancing the catalytic activity of the solids. The pillared clays were characterized by XRD, chemical analysis, CEC, and N2 adsorption to 77 K. The acidity of the pillared clays was calculated from the adsorbed n-butyl amine.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C. Catrinescu, C. Teodosiu, M. Macoveanu, J. Miehe Brendle and R. Le Dred, Water Res., 37, 1154 (2003).
D. E.W. Vaughan, R.J. Lussier and S.J.J. Magee, US Patent, 4,176,090 (1979).
E. Booij, T. J. Kloprogge and J. A. Rob van Veen, Appl. Clay. Sci., 11, 155 (1996).
A. Gil, M. Gandia and M. A. Vicente, Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng., 42, 145 (2000).
L. Huerta, A. Meyer and E. Choren, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 57, 219 (2003).
S.B. Chaabene, L. Bergaoui and A. Ghorbel, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 268, 25 (2004).
J. Carriazo, E. Guelou, J. Barrault, J.M. Tatibouet, R. Molina and S. Moreno, Water Res., 39, 3891 (2005).
J. Carriazo, E. Guelou, J. Barrault, R. Molina and S. Moreno, Catal. Today, 107–108, 126 (2005).
M. J. Hernando, C. Pesquera, C. Blanco and F. Gonzalez, Chem. Mater., 13, 2154 (2001).
S. K. Kim and S. K. Ihm, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41, 1967 (2002).
S. Mnasri, N. Besbes, N. Frini-Srasra and E. Srasra, C. R. Chem., 15, 437 (2012).
S. Mnasri and N. Frini-Srasra, Clay Miner., 47, 453 (2012).
S. Mnasri and N. Frini-Srasra, Inf. Phys. Technol., 58, 15 (2013).
S. Mnasri and N. Frini-Srasra, Surf. Eng. Appl. Electrochem., 49, 336 (2013).
E.M. Farfan, E. Sham and P. Grange, Catal. Today, 15, 515 (1992).
R. Toranzo, M. A. Vicente, M. A. Banares-Munoz, L. M. Gandia and A. Gil, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 173, 173 (1998).
J. Poyato, M. M. Tobias and J. M. Trillo, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 14, 307 (1987).
M. L. Occelli, Catal. Today, 2, 339 (1988).
S. Zuo, Q. Huang, J. Li and R. Zhou, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 91, 204 (2009).
N.R. Sanabria, M. A. Centeno, R. Molina and S. Moren, Appl. Catal. A. Gen., 356, 243 (2009).
M. Chen, L. Fan, L. Qi, X. Luo, R. Zhou and X. Zheng, Catal. Commun., 10, 838 (2009).
Q. Huang, S. Zuo and R. Zhou, Catal. Commun., 95, 327 (2010).
Y. G. Yin, Research methods of heterogeneous catalysts, chemical industry, Press, Bei**g, 582 (1988).
S.V. Awate, S. B. Waghmode and M. S. Agashe, Catal. Commun., 5, 407 (2004).
J. Lambert and G. Poncelet, Top. Catal., 4, 43 (1997).
T. J. Pinnavaia, M. Tzou and S.D. Landau, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 107, 4783 (1985).
P. Cool and E. F., Vansant, Mol. Sieves, 1, 265 (1998).
E.M. Farfan-Torres, E. Sham and P. Grange, Catal. Today, 15, 515 (1992).
H. J. Chae, I. S. Nam, S.W. Ham and S. B. Hong, Catal. Today, 68, 31 (2001).
H. Devlin and I. Harris, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund, 23, 387 (1984).
J. G. Carriazo, R. Molina and S. Moreno, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 334, 168 (2008).
J. Barrault, M. Tatiboue and N. Papayannakos, Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences — Series IIC — Chemistry, 3, 777 (2000).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mnasri-Ghnimi, S., Frini-Srasra, N. Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol over Ce-Zr-modified clays: Effect of the pillaring method. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 32, 68–73 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-014-0204-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-014-0204-2