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The Fatty Acid Profile and Phenolic Composition of Descurainia sophia Seeds Extracted by Supercritical CO2

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Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society

Abstract

Oil and phenolics were extracted from Descurainia sophia (Sophia) seeds by a supercritical CO2 system. Extractions were conducted in two sequential steps, first using 100 % CO2 and then adding 10 % ethanol as co-solvent. The extracts were collected in each step using two separate collectors operating at different pressures. The extraction run was 3 and 4 h for the first period, and 2 h for the second period. The majority of the oil was collected in the first extraction period while phenolic compounds were obtained in the second extraction period. A combined mode of static/dynamic extraction (3 h running and 1 h soaking in CO2) was also used in the first extraction period, which enhanced the total extraction yield (29.3 ± 0.5 %) and was comparable to the 4 h extraction yield (31.4 ± 0.1 %). The total fatty acid (FA) content of oil in collector 1 (0.94 g) was nearly twice that in collector 2 (0.60 g). The oil contained 14 FAs with α-linolenic being predominant (48.5 %), with a total 91.1 % unsaturated FAs, a ω3/ω6 ratio of 2.7, and an erucic acid content of 6.2 %. More than 10 phenolic compounds were detected by HPLC in the Sophia seed extracts of which sinapic acid was the dominant compound. Sophia seed extracts showed high levels of antioxidant activity. These results suggest that Sophia seed oil and phenolics have the potential for functional food and pharmaceutical applications.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). We thank Connie Sauder and Dr. Sara Martin of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada for D. sophia species identification. We also acknowledge Eloise Debussy and Jerry Wu for their assistance during this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Science and Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 318 Steacie Building, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada

    Mehri HadiNezhad & Farah Hosseinian

  2. Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Owen Rowland

  3. Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Owen Rowland & Farah Hosseinian

Authors
  1. Mehri HadiNezhad
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  2. Owen Rowland
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  3. Farah Hosseinian
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Correspondence to Farah Hosseinian.

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HadiNezhad, M., Rowland, O. & Hosseinian, F. The Fatty Acid Profile and Phenolic Composition of Descurainia sophia Seeds Extracted by Supercritical CO2 . J Am Oil Chem Soc 92, 1379–1390 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-015-2693-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-015-2693-5

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