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Foliar application of plant nutrients and kinetin modifies growth and essential oil profile in Rosa damascena under acidic conditions

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Abstract

Rosa damascena Mill. is cultivated for its high-value essential oil in different parts of the world. The flower yield and the composition of essential oil of R. damascena are strongly affected by a number of factors. Nevertheless, the interactive effects of foliar application of plant nutrients and kinetin and its time of application on yield and secondary metabolites profile of R. damascena under acidic conditions are still unclear. Thus, a field experiment comprising two different times of spray and five foliar spray treatments was conducted to test the hypothesis that flowering behavior and secondary metabolites profile can be modified through proper nutrient supply at right time. The foliar spray at flower bud appearance stage (S2) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased flower yield by about 10.0 % compared with the foliar application at axillary bud development stage (S1) during both years, regardless of plant nutrients. Among the foliar spray treatments, kinetin at 0.20 g L−1 registered about 23–39 % higher flower yield compared with the water spray control; however, remained statistically at par (P ≤ 0.05) with Ca(NO3)2 at 4.06 g L−1. Moreover, the percentage of major fragrance-bearing compounds of essential oil (β-citronellol + nerol, linalool, E-geraniol, and Z-citral) was marginally increased with Ca(NO3)2 compared with kinetin treatment. However, the percentages of major hydrocarbons, nonadecane and heneicosane, were noticeably increased when kinetin was applied at S1. Foliar application of kinetin and Ca(NO3)2 might be done to improve flower yield and essential oil content in R. damascena flowers.

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Abbreviations

Ca(NO3)2 :

Calcium nitrate

Chl:

Chlorophyll

CuSO4·5H2O:

Copper sulfate

GC:

Gas chromatography

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

MSW:

Meteorological standard week

KNO3 :

Potassium nitrate

PCA:

Principal component analysis

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Dr. P.S. Ahuja, former Director of IHBT, Palampur for his constant encouragement for this work. The authors are also thankful to Dr. Gopichand for providing the necessary support for field experiment. We thank Mr. Ramdeen Prasad and Mrs Vijaylata Pathaniya for technical support. The authors acknowledge the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, for financial support. This research work has been undertaken under the CSIR network project—BSC-0110 and MLP-0010.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Agrotechnology and Plant Improvement, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India

    Probir Kumar Pal & Mitali Mahajan

  2. Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Post Box No. 6, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India

    Vijai K. Agnihotri

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  1. Probir Kumar Pal
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Correspondence to Probir Kumar Pal.

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Communicated by H. Li.

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Pal, P.K., Mahajan, M. & Agnihotri, V.K. Foliar application of plant nutrients and kinetin modifies growth and essential oil profile in Rosa damascena under acidic conditions. Acta Physiol Plant 38, 176 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-016-2187-6

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