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Spectrofluorimetric determination of indoxyl sulfate in human plasma after salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction

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Abstract

A simple analytical method was developed to quantify indoxyl sulfate (InS) in plasma using a salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction and spectrofluorimetry. Plasma samples were deproteinized by acetonitrile. Then, sodium chloride solution was added to separate acetonitrile and aqueous phase. The fluorescence intensity of InS which extracted to acetonitrile phase was determined by spectrofluorimetry. The method of presentation has a linear range between 2.5 and 40 µg/ml with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.995. Accuracy (% error) and precision (relative standard deviation) were 15% at nominal concentration and less than 15% at all levels, respectively. This established analytical method, which is sensitive and reproducible, could be applied for the quantification of InS in real plasma samples.

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Acknowledgements

This article is a part of the results of F.N's Pharm.D thesis No. 4151 registered at Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Fatemeh Norouzi

  2. Department of Clinical Pharmacy (Pharmacotherapy), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Afshin Gharekhani

  3. Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Afshin Gharekhani

  4. Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Abolghasem Jouyban & Ali Shayanfar

  5. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Abolghasem Jouyban & Ali Shayanfar

  6. Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Abolghasem Jouyban

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  1. Fatemeh Norouzi
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  2. Afshin Gharekhani
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  3. Abolghasem Jouyban
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  4. Ali Shayanfar
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Correspondence to Ali Shayanfar.

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Norouzi, F., Gharekhani, A., Jouyban, A. et al. Spectrofluorimetric determination of indoxyl sulfate in human plasma after salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction. Chem. Pap. 75, 3505–3511 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01578-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01578-y

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