Log in

Hot Roll Bonding of Aluminum to Twin-Roll Cast (TRC) Magnesium and Its Subsequent Deformation Behavior

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In an experiment in which twin-roll cast AZ31 magnesium alloy and commercial purity aluminum (AA 1050) sheets were bonded by hot rolling as Al/Mg/Al laminate composites, it was found that increasing the preheating temperatures up to 400 °C enhances the bonding strength of composites. Further increases in the preheating temperatures accelerate the magnesium oxide growth and thus reduce the bonding strength. The influence of the reduction ratio on the bonding properties was also studied, whereby it was observed that increasing the rolling reduction led to an increase in the bonding strength. The experimental results show that the optimum bonding strength can be obtained at rolling temperatures of 375-400 °C with a 50-60% reduction in thickness. On the other hand, the subsequent deformation behavior of composite was assessed using plane strain compression and deep drawing tests. We demonstrate that the composites produced using the optimum roll bonding conditions exhibited sufficient bonding during subsequent deformation and did not reveal any debonding at the bonding interface.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B. Mordike and T. Ebert, Magnesium: Properties—Applications—Potential, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2001, 302(1), p 37–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. E. Aghion, B. Bronfin, and D. Eliezer, The Role of the Magnesium Industry in Protecting the Environment, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2001, 117, p 381–385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. G. Song and A. Atrens, Understanding Magnesium Corrosion—A Framework for Improved Alloy Performance, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2003, 5(12), p 837–858

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. R. Kawalla, and B. Engl, in 7th International Conference on Magnesium Alloys and Their Applications. Casting-rolling: a new method of magnesium strip production. (K. U. Kainer, Dresden 2006)

  5. M. Ullmann, H. Saleh, M. Schmitdchen, R. Kawalla, and H.-P. Vogt, Improvement of Ductility for Twin Roll Cast and Rolled AZ31 Strips by Use of Taguchi Method, Arch. Civil Mech. Eng., 2013, 13(1), p 1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. F. Berge, M. Teuber, R. Kawalla, and M. Ullmann, Influence of Heat-Treatment and Rolling Conditions on the Mechanical Warm Forming Properties of Twin-Roll Cast AZ31, Key Eng. Mater., 2017, 746, p 184–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. D. Luo, Y. Pan, H. Wang, L. Zhao, G. Liu, Y. Liu, and Q. Jiang, Effect of Rolling Route on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Twin-Roll Casting AZ31 Mg Alloy Sheets, Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2016, 9, p 6

    Google Scholar 

  8. B. Zhu, W. Liang, and X. Li, Interfacial Microstructure, Bonding Strength and Fracture of Magnesium–Aluminum Laminated Composite Plates Fabricated by Direct Hot Pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528(21), p 6584–6588

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. T. Morishige, A. Kawaquchi, M. Tsujikawa, M. Hino, T. Hirata, and K. Higashi, Dissimilar Welding of Al and Mg Alloys by FSW, Mater. Trans., 2008, 49(5), p 1129–1131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Y.B. Yan, Z.W. Zhang, W. Shen, J.H. Wang, L.K. Zhang, and B.A. Chen, Microstructure and Properties of Magnesium AZ31B–Aluminum 7075 Explosively Welded Composite Plate, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 527(9), p 2241–2245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Joseph Fernandus, T. Senthilkumar, V. Balasubramanian, and S. Rajakumar, Optimising Diffusion Bonding Parameters to Maximize the Strength of AA6061 Aluminium and AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Joints, Mater. Des., 2012, 33, p 31–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. C.C. Wong, A. Danno, X.H. Huang, and K.K. Tong, A Study Into a Cost Effective Roll Bonding Process for Clad Metals, SIMTech. Tech. Rep., 2008, 9(2), p 50–55

    Google Scholar 

  13. N. Bay, Cold Welding. Part I: Characteristic, Bonding Mechanisms, Bond Strength, Met. Constr., 1986, 18, p 369–372

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. R. Jamaati and M.R. Toroghinejad, Cold Roll Bonding Bond Strengths: Review, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2011, 27(7), p 1101–1108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Schmitdchen and R. Kawalla, Multiscale Modeling of Rolling Processes and Bond Strength Development for Layered Materials, Steel Res. Int., 2010, 9(81), p 230–233

    Google Scholar 

  16. J.S. Lee, H.T. Son, K.Y. Lee, S.S. Park, D.G. Kim, and J.C. Bae, Characterization of Mg-Al Sheet Clad Materials Fabricated by Hot Rolling, AMR, 2007, 26–28, p 409–412

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Q.J. Wang, Q.C. Le, W.W. Zou, J.G. Chen, and J.Z. Cui, Study on the Process and Mechanism of Rolling-Bonding Between Magnesium and Aluminum, MSF, 2007, 546–549, p 467–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. X.P. Zhang, T.H. Yang, J.Q. Liu, X.F. Luo, and J.T. Wang, Mechanical Properties of an Al/Mg/Al Trilaminated Composite Fabricated by Hot Rolling, J. Mater. Sci., 2010, 45(13), p 3457–3464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. X.P. Zhang, T.H. Yang, S. Castagne, and J.T. Wang, Microstructure; Bonding Strength and Thickness Ratio of Al/Mg/Al Alloy Laminated Composites Prepared by Hot Rolling, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528(4–5), p 1954–1960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. X.P. Zhang, M.J. Tan, T.H. Yang, X.J. Xu, and T. Wang, Bonding Strength of Al/Mg/Al Alloy Tri-Metallic Laminates Fabricated by Hot Rolling, Bull. Mater. Sci., 2011, 34(4), p 805–810

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. H. Matsumoto, S. Watanabe, and S. Hanada, Fabrication of Pure Al/Mg–Li Alloy Clad Plate and Its Mechanical Properties, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2005, 169(1), p 9–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. K.-M. Rudolf, and H. Palkowski, in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Technical Plasticity (ICTP). Investigation on the roll-bonding of aluminium to magnesium substrates, p. 724–729

  23. H. Saleh, T. Weling, J. Seidel, M. Schmidtchen, R. Kawalla, F.O.R.L. Mertens, and H.-P. Vogt, An XPS Study of Native Oxide and Isothermal Oxidation Kinetics at 300 °C of AZ31 Twin Roll Cast Magnesium Alloy, Oxid. Met., 2014, 81(5–6), p 529–548

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. H. Saleh, M. Schmidtchen, M. Graf, and R. Kawalla, in Proceedings of the European Oxide Conference. Oxidation behavior of Twin Roll Cast (TRC) AZ31 magnesium alloy (2014)

  25. L.R. Vaidyanath, M.G. Nicholas, and D.R. Milner, Pressure Welding by Rolling, Br. Weld. J., 1959, 6, p 13–28

    Google Scholar 

  26. V. Yousefi Mehr, M.R. Toroghinejad, and A. Rezaeian, The Effects of Oxide Film and Annealing Treatment on the Bond Strength of Al–Cu Strips in Cold Roll Bonding Process, Mater. Des., 2014, 53, p 174–181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. F. Czerwinski, The Oxidation Behaviour of an AZ91D Magnesium Alloy at High Temperatures, Acta Mater., 2002, 50(10), p 2639–2654

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Ullmann, R. Kawalla, and H.-P. Vogt, Deformation Behaviour and Microstructure Development of Twin Roll Cast AZ31 Strips, Metall. Ital., 2014, 106(3), p 35–42

    Google Scholar 

  29. R. Kawalla, M. Oswald, C. Schmidt, M. Ullmann, H.-P. Vogt, and N. D. Cuong in 137th Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Development of a strip-rolling technology for Mg alloys based on the twin-roll-casting process, New Orleans, USA (2008)

  30. D. Liu, Z. Liu, and E. Wang, Effect of Rolling Reduction on Microstructure, Texture, Mechanical Properties and Mechanical Anisotropy of AZ31 Magnesium Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2014, 612, p 208–213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. H. Saleh, S. Reichelt, M. Schmidtchen, F. Schwarz, R. Kawalla, and L. Krüger, Effect of Inter-Metallic Phases on the Bonding Strength and Forming Properties of Al/Mg Sandwiched Composite, KEM, 2014, 622–623, p 467–475

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. I.A. Maksoud, H. Ahmed, and J. Rödel, Investigation of the Effect of Strain Rate and Temperature on the Deformability and Microstructure Evolution of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 504(1–2), p 40–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. K.Z. Kuia, M. Minglong, L. **nggang, L. Yongjun, L. Lichao, and B. Mengfen, Hot Deformation Behavior of Mg-7.22Gd-4.84Y-1.26Nd-0.58Zr Magnesium Alloy, Rare Met., 2011, 30(1), p 87–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Q. Guo, H.G. Yan, H. Zhang, Z.H. Chen, and Z.F. Wang, Behaviour of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy During Compression at Elevated Temperatures, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2013, 21(11), p 1349–1354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. F. Berge, L. Krüger, and C. Ullrich, Forming Limit Diagrams of Twin-Roll Cast, Rolled and Heat-Treated AZ31 as a Function of Temperature and Loading Rate, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2014, 614, p 27–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The authors are grateful to the Institute of Metal Forming, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany. The financial support within the fellowship program funded by German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) grant code number: A/09/97507, under the direction of Desk 445, is gratefully acknowledged. We would like to thank ADDE “Structure Design of Novel High Performance Materials via Atomic Design and Defect Engineering” for their support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. Saleh.

Additional information

This article is an invited submission to JMEP selected from presentations at the Symposium “Joining,” belonging to the Topic “Processing” at the European Congress and Exhibition on Advanced Materials and Processes (EUROMAT 2017), held September 17–22, 2017, in Thessaloniki, Greece, and has been expanded from the original presentation.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Saleh, H., Schmidtchen, M. & Kawalla, R. Hot Roll Bonding of Aluminum to Twin-Roll Cast (TRC) Magnesium and Its Subsequent Deformation Behavior. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 27, 5069–5078 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3217-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3217-x

Keywords

Navigation