SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of a Zn-Bi-Sb-O Synthetic Multi-phase on Highly Nonlinear Properties of ZnO-Bi2O3 Varistor Ceramics

  • Published:
Journal of Electronic Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3-MnO2-Co2O3-Cr2O3-based varistors were fabricated through the conventional solid state method. The influences of the synthetic multi-phase (SMP) produced by calcining the mixtures of 4ZnO·3Bi2O3·3Sb2O3 at a given temperature on the micro-structures and electrical properties were investigated. Results showed that SMP additive increased the content of the second phase and the Bi-rich phase, leading to an enhancement of the potential barrier height, which resulted in the improvement of the nonlinear properties. Sample with 0.3 at.% SMP showed the highest barrier height ϕb of 4.27 eV, and the highest nonlinear coefficient α of 91.24.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S.V. Trukhanov, J. Mater. Chem. 13, 347 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S.V. Trukhanov, JETP 100, 95 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. T.K. Gupta, J. Am. Cream. Soc. 7, 1817 (1990).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Bai, M. Zhang, Z. Xu, R. Chu, J. Hao, H. Li, Y. Gong, and G. Li, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 100, 1057 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. D. Dey and R.C. Bradt, J. Am. Cream. Soc. 75, 2529 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. Ott, A. Lorenz, M. Harrer, E.A. Preissner, C. Hesse, A. Feltz, A. Whitehead, and M. Schreiber, J. Electroceram. 6, 135 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. H. Bai, S. Li, Y. Zhao, Z. Xu, R. Chu, J. Hao, C. Chen, H. Li, Y. Gong, and G. Li, Ceram. Int. 42, 10547 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. K. Mukae, K. Tsuda, and I. Nagasawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 16, 1361 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Ezhilvalavan and T. Kutty, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 7, 137 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. G. Blatter and F. Greuter, Phys. Rev. B 33, 3952 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. S.V. Trukhanov, L.S. Lobanovski, M.V. Bushinsky, I.O. Troyanchuk, and H. Szymczak, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, 1783 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. S.V. Trukhanov, L.S. Lobanovski, M.V. Bushinsky, V.A. Khomchenko, N.V. Pushkarev, I.O. Tyoyanchuk, A. Maignan, D. Flahaut, H. Szymczak, and R. Szymczak, Eur. Phys. J. B 42, 51 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. S.C. Pillai, J.M. Kelly, R. Ramesh, and D.E. McCormack, J. Mater. Chem. C 1, 3268 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. C.W. Nahm, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 24, 118 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. D. Xu, J. Wu, L. Jiao, H. Xu, P. Zhang, R. Yu, and X. Cheng, J. Rare. Earth 31, 158 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. S.V. Trukhanov, A.V. Trukhanov, A.N. Vasiliev, H. Szymczak, and J. Exp, Theor. Phys. 111, 209 (2010).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. S.V. Trukhanov, A.V. Trukhanov, A.N. Vasiliev, A.M. Balagurov, H. Szymczak, and J. Exp, Theor. Phys. 113, 819 (2011).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Z. Xu, H. Bai, S. Ma, R. Chu, J. Hao, C. Chen, and G. Li, Ceram. Int. 42, 14350 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. H. Bai, Y. Sun, Z. Xu, R. Chu, J. Hao, H. Li, C. Chen, C. Hu, and G. Li, Mater. Lett. 209, 115 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. Kim, T. Kimura, and T. Yamaguchi, J. Mater. Sci. 24, 2581 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Ito, M. Tanahashi, M. Uehara, and A. Iga, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1460 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Bernik, L. Cheng, M. Podlogar, and G. Li, Ceram. Silik. 62, 8 (2018).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Peiteado, M.A. De La Rubia, J.F. Fernández, and A.C. Caballero, J. Mater. Sci. 41, 2319 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. H. Bai, M. Li, Z. Xu, R. Chu, J. Hao, H. Li, C. Chen, and G. Li, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 37, 3965 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. K. Mukae, K. Tsuda, and I. Nagasawa, J. Appl. Phys. 50, 4475 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. S.V. Trukhanov, L.S. Lobanovski, M.V. Bushinsky, V.V. Fedotova, I.O. Troyanchuk, A.V. Trukhanov, V.A. Ryzhov, H. Szymczak, R. Szymczak, and M. Baran, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 17, 6495 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. A.V. Trukhanov, H. Szymczak, R. Szymczak, and M. Baran, J. Phys. Chem. Sol. 67, 675 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. S.V. Trukhanov, An.V. Trukhanov, V.A. Turchenko, A.V. Trukhanov, D.I. Tishkevich, E.L. Trukhanova, T.I. Zubar, D.V. Karpinsky, V.G. Kostishyn, L.V. Panina, D.A. Vinnik, S.A. Gudkova, E. Trofimov, P. Thakur, A. Thakur, and Y. Yang, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 457, 83 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. V.A. Turchenko, S.V. Trukhanov, A.M. Balagurov, V.G. Kostishyn, A.V. Trukhanov, L.V. Panina, and E.L. Trukhanova, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 464, 139 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. E. Olsson and G.L. Dunlop, J. Appl. Phys. 66, 4317 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. D. Dey and R.C. Bradt, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 75, 2529 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. S.V. Trukhanov, A.V. Trukhanov, H. Szymczak, C.E. Botez, and A. Adair, J. Low Temp. Phys. 149, 185 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. S.V. Trukhanov, A.V. Trukhanov, C.E. Botez, A.H. Adair, H. Szymczak, and R. Szymczak, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19, 266214 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. N. Daneu, A. Rečnik, and S. Bernik, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 86, 1379 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. S. Ma, Z. Xu, R. Chu, J. Hao, L. Cheng, and G. Li, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 25, 3878 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Q. Wang, Z.J. Peng, C.C. Lv, and X.L. Fu, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 101, 61 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. F. Stucki and F. Greuter, Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 446 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. P.R. Bueno, E.R. Leite, M.M. Oliveira, M.O. Orlandi, and E. Longo, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 48 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. C.W. Nahm, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 24, 27 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. J. Cai, Y.H. Lin, M. Li, C.W. Nan, J. He, and F. Yuan, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90, 291 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFB0402701), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51502127, 51701091), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (Nos. ZR2018PEM009, ZR2019PA014, ZR2017QB017, ZR2016EMM02), the Focus on Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province (No. 2017GGX202008), the Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (No. J17KA005), Research Foundation of Liaocheng University (No. 318051507).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, People’s Republic of China

    Chong Chen, Qi Liu, Wei Li, Shoufeng Dong, Mengru Geng & Jianfeng Cheng

Authors
  1. Chong Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Qi Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Wei Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shoufeng Dong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mengru Geng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jianfeng Cheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Chong Chen or Wei Li.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chen, C., Liu, Q., Li, W. et al. Influence of a Zn-Bi-Sb-O Synthetic Multi-phase on Highly Nonlinear Properties of ZnO-Bi2O3 Varistor Ceramics. J. Electron. Mater. 48, 7352–7359 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07560-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07560-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation