Abstract
A propagation protocol was developed and optimized for globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) plants of cvs “Blanca de Tudela,” “Calico,” and “Salambo.” For culture initiation and shoot proliferation, the effect of different kinetin (K) concentrations in the culture medium on shoot induction was tested. A study was also conducted to evaluate different in vitro rooting strategies. The results indicate that a low level of kinetin (1.4 μM) was optimal for the three cultivars tested for both shoot induction and multiplication. The best results for root induction (73.3% in “Blanca de Tudela,” 80% in “Calico,” and 93.3% in “Salambo”) were achieved with a 5-d culture in darkness, in the presence of 29.5 μM indolebutyric acid (IBA). The survival percentage of plants rooted was higher after acclimatization, 75–83%. The results presented here show that a low level of kinetin and darkness appear to be key factors in a plant propagation protocol for artichoke.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ancora G (1986) Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L). In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, pp 471–486
Arce P, Gil R, Macua JI, Villa F (1996) Aplicación de las técnicas de cultivo in vitro a la mejora de la alcachofa. I Jornadas Técnicas de Alcachofa, pp 114–120 (in Spanish)
Arce P, López B, Arbeloa J (1990) Obtención de plantas de alcachofa por cultivo in vitro. Primeros resultados de su comportamiento en pleno campo. Actas de Horticultura 2:523–528 (in Spanish)
Arce P, López B, Macua JI, Gil R, Villa F (1993) Comportamiento agronómico de variedades de alcachofa de multiplicación por zueca, semilla y téncicas de cultivo in vitro. Actas de Horticultura 10:1565–1570, in Spanish
Arce P, López B, Macua JI, Lahoz I (2004) Problems of continuous multiplication in vitro of the artichoke (Cynara scolymus), Tudela variety, and how to solve them through the intermittent addition of a growth regulator to the culture medium—the influence of paclobutrazol (Cultar) on the different phases of propagation. Acta Hort 660:191–195
Bedini L, Lucchesini M, Bertozzi F, Graifenberg A (2012) Plant tissue cultures from Tuscan globe artichoke cultivars. Cent Eur J Biol 7:680–689
Benoit H, Ducreux G (1981) Etude de quelques aspects de la multiplication végétative in vitro de l’artichaut (Cynara scolymus L). Agronomie 1:225–230 (in French)
Bigot C, Foury C (1984) Multiplication in vitro d’artichaut (Cynara scolymus L.) à partir de semences: comparaison au champ de quelques clones à la lignée dont ils sont issus. Agronomie 4:699–710 (in French)
Brutti C, Apostolo NM, Ferrarotti SA, Llorente BE, Krymkiewicz N (2000) Micropropagation of Cynara scolymus L. employing cyclodextrins to promote rhizogenesis. Sci Hort 83:1–10
Cavallaro V, Castiglione V, Avola G, Finocchiaro E (2004) Influence of different substrates on the in vitro rhizogenesis process of early artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus (L.) Hegi). Acta Hort 660:267–272
Cavallaro V, Trotta F, Gennari M, Di Silvestro I, Pelegrino A, Barbera AC (2013) Effects of the complex nanosponges-naphthaleneacetic acid and β-cyclodextrins on in vitro rhizogenesis of globe artichoke. Acta Hort 983:369–372
Draoui N, Ghorbel A, Kchouk ME (1993) In vitro culture of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) in Tunisia: utilization of vitromethods in artichoke improvement. Agricoltura Mediterranea 123:139–145
El Boullani R, Elmoshli A, El Finti A, El Mousadik A, Serghini MA (2013) Effect of decapitation and size of explants on in vitro multiplication rate of globe artichoke. Acta Hort 983:325–329
Fortunato IM, Ruta C, Castrignano A, Saccardo A (2005) The effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the development of micropropagated artichokes. Sci Hort 106:472–483
George EF (1993) Plant propagation by tissue culture—part 1: the technology, vol 1. Exegetics, Edington
Grando MF, Augustin L, Suzin M, Calvete EO, Comin RC, Costa AR, Morlin B, Donida B, Fabbri A, Rugini E (2011) Micropropagation of globe artichoke “Nobre-UPF”, a Brazilian cultivar used for industrial purpose. Acta Hort 923:147–154
Harbaoui Y, Smai** G, Welvaert W, Debergh P (1982) Assainissement viral de l’artichaut (Cynara scolimus L.) par la culture in vitro d’apex méristématiques. Phytopathologie Mediterrané 21:15–19 (in French)
Iapichino G (1996) Micropropagation of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) from underground dormant buds (“Ovoli”). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol – Plant 32:249–252
Iapichino G (2013) Micropropagation of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus). In: Lambardi M, Ozudogru EA, Jain SM (eds) Protocols for micropropagation of selected economically-important horticultural plants. Methods in molecular biology 994:369–380
Klein B, Bopp M (1971) Effect of activated charcoal in agar on the culture of lower plants. Nature 230:474
Macua JI, Lahoz I, Malumbres A, Arce P, López B (2004) Influence of vegetative reproduction in the production and industrial quality of selections of “Blanca de Tudela” obtained in vitro. Acta Hort 660:381–385
Marras F, Foddai A, Fiori M (1985) La selezione sanitaria del carciofo “Spinoso Sardo”. Informatore fitopatológico 35:47–50 (in Italian)
Morzadec JM, Hourmant A (1997) In vitro rooting improvement of globe artichoke (cv Camus de Bretagne) by GA3. Sci Hort 72:59–62
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Pécaut P, Martin F (1993) Variation occurring after natural and in vitro multiplication of early Mediterranean cultivars of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L). Agronomie 13:909–919
Pécaut P, Dumas de Vaulx R, Lot H (1983) Virus-free clones of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) obtained after in vitro propagation. Acta Hort 131:303–309
Rossi V, De Paoli G (1992) Micropropagation of artichoke (Cynara scolymus). In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, pp 118–134
Sharma T, Modgil M, Thakur M (2007) Factors affecting induction and development of in vitro rooting in apple rootstocks. Ind J Exp Biol 45:824–829
Tavazza R, Papacchioli V, Ancora G (2004) An improved medium for in vitro propagation of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) cv. “Spinoso sardo”. Acta Hort 660:91–97
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Editor: John Forster
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
López-Pérez, A.J., Martínez, J.A. In vitro root induction improvement by culture in darkness for different globe artichoke cultivars. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 51, 160–165 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-015-9667-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-015-9667-z