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Revision of Cyprinus maomingensis Liu 1957 and the first discovery of Procypris-like cyprinid (Teleostei, Pisces) from the late Eocene of South China

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Abstract

Fossil cyprinids from the upper part of the upper Eocene Youganwo Formation of Maoming, Guangdong, China were first studied in 1957 by Liu, who referred the only specimen to the genus Cyprinus as a new species, C. maomingensis. And this was suggested as one of the earliest records for fossil cyprinids. Unfortunately, this specimen is poorly preserved and reveals no more morphological information than its serrated last unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays. Recently, some new specimens were unearthed from the same locality, where C. maomingensis was discovered. In addition to the serrated dorsal and anal fin rays, these new materials also show that the pattern and shape of their pharyngeal teeth obviously differ from that of Cyprinus but resemble that of Procypris. However, its number of the branched dorsal fin rays and number of vertebrae are much less than that in Procypris. Morphologically, these specimens are closer to Procypris than to Cyprinus. This is the first report of fossil Procypris-like fish, and it implies that Procypris-like fish is an early member of the Tribe Cyprinini sensu stricto (sensu Yang et al., 2010) and the origin of this group can be traced back at least to the late Eocene.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Natural History Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530012, China

    GengJiao Chen

  2. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolutionary and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei**g, 100044, China

    Mee-Mann Chang

  3. Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China

    HuanZhang Liu

  4. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nan**g Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nan**g, 210008, China

    GengJiao Chen

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Chen, G., Chang, MM. & Liu, H. Revision of Cyprinus maomingensis Liu 1957 and the first discovery of Procypris-like cyprinid (Teleostei, Pisces) from the late Eocene of South China. Sci. China Earth Sci. 58, 1123–1132 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-015-5085-7

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