Abstract
Sulfur-containing gases are main sources of landfill odors, which has become a big issue for pollution to environment and human health. Biocover is promising for treating landfill odors, with advantages of durability and environmental friendliness. In this study, charcoal sludge compost was utilized as the main effective component of a novel alternative landfill cover and the in situ control of sulfur-containing odors from municipal solid waste landfilling process was simulated under nine different operating conditions. Results showed that five sulfur-containing odors (hydrogen sulfide, H2S; methyl mercaptan, CH3SH; dimethyl sulfide, CH3SCH3; ethylmercaptan, CH3CH2SH; carbon disulfide, CS2) were monitored and removed by the biocover, with the highest removal efficiencies of 77.18% for H2S, 87.36% for CH3SH, and 92.19% for CH3SCH3 in reactor 8#, and 95.94% for CH3CH2SH and 94.44% for CS2 in reactor 3#. The orthogonal experiment showed that the factors influencing the removal efficiencies of sulfur-containing odors were ranked from high to low as follows: temperature > weight ratio > humidity content. The combination of parameters of 20% weight ratio, 25°C temperature, and 30% water content was more recommended based on the consideration of the removal efficiencies and economic benefits. The mechanisms of sulfur conversion inside biocover were analyzed. Most organic sulfur was firstly degraded to reduced sulfides or element sulfur, and then oxidized to sulfate which could be stable in the layer as the final state. In this process, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria play a great role, and the distribution of them in reactor 1#, 5#, and 8# was specifically monitored. Bradyrhizobiaceae and Rhodospirillaceae were the dominant species which can utilize sulfide as substance to produce sulfate and element sulfur, respectively. Based on the results of OUTs, the biodiversity of these sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, these microorganisms, was demonstrated to be affected by the different parameters. These results indicate that the novel alternative landfill cover modified with bamboo charcoal compost is effective in removing sulfur odors from landfills. Meanwhile, the findings have direct implications for addressing landfill odor problems through parameter adjustment.
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The research was financially supported by the Social Development Project of Hangzhou City (Grant Number 20160533B78), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant Number LY14E080020), and the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project for Returned Overseas Scholars in Hangzhou.
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Jiayi Zhang performed the data analyses and wrote the manuscript; **aowen Li and Aiai Qian performed the experiment; **anwen Xu and Ya Lv contributed significantly to analysis and manuscript preparation; **nrong Zhou, **nrui Yang, Weiqin Zhu, and Hangjun Zhang helped perform the analysis with constructive discussions; Ying Ding contributed to the conception of the study and modified the manuscript.
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Zhang, J., Li, X., Qian, A. et al. Effects of operating conditions on the in situ control of sulfur-containing odors by using a novel alternative landfill cover and its transformation mechanism. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 7959–7976 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31721-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31721-z