Abstract
Water resources are the foundation of human survival and development. Thus, it is essential to quantify the relationship between water supply and demand and assess water security to ensure sustainable use of water resources. In this study, we quantified the relationship between water supply and demand in the Yiluo River Basin (YRB) using the InVEST model, constructed a spatial flow model of water provision service at the sub-watershed scale, and analyzed the water security index (WSI) under static and dynamic conditions. Subsequently, we used geographic detectors to identify the explanatory power of the main influencing factors of the WSI. The results showed that (1) from 2005 to 2018, the water supply decreased continuously and the water demand first increased and then decreased in the YRB; (2) the spatial pattern of WSI showed that it was high in the southwest and low in the northeast, wherein the highest and lowest WSI values occurred in 2005 and 2018, respectively. From 2005 to 2018, the mean values of the static and dynamic WSI decreased from 0.77 to 0.60 and 1.56 to 1.20, respectively. (3) The precipitation factor from the supply dimension and the gross domestic product (GDP) factor from the demand dimension had the strongest explanatory power for the static WSI. For the dynamic WSI, the flow quantity of the water provision service flow had the strongest explanatory power. This study provided a reference for governments to formulate sustainable water resource management.
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Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to the data collection and processing platform provided by the Major Project Achievements of Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of China—the Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development Research Center of Henan University.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (22BGL196).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Zhuo Fan contributed to conceptualization, data curation, methodology, software, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing. **angbiao Wang: investigation and visualization. Hongjuan Zhang: conceptualization, formal analysis, supervision, review, editing, and funding support. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Responsible Editor: **, rasterization, etc. (Fig.
Soil depth map of the Yiluo River Basin
9).
Plant available water content (PAWC)
Extract relevant soil codes of Iluo Yiluo River Basin from Harmonized Word Soil Database (HWSD), connect data, obtain sand, silt, organic carbon and other content parameters of relevant soil codes, calculate effective soil water content, and finally use ArcGIS tools to rasterization to generate grid data with a resolution of 100 m (Fig.
The plant available water content (PAWC) for Yiluo River Basin
10).
Watershed and sub watershed boundary data
Firstly, use ArcGIS to fill in DEM data, then use ArcSWAT plugin in ARCGIS to divide sub watersheds. Finally, generate vector maps of the boundaries of the Ilo River basin and 51 sub watersheds (Fig.
The sub-watersheds division map of the Yiluo River Basin
11). The watershed division and sub watershed area are shown in Table 8.
Biophysical table
The biophysical table contains the attributes of various land use types in the study area, which can be obtained by referring to user guides and relevant literature. The biophysical table in this article is shown in Table 9.
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Fan, Z., Wang, X. & Zhang, H. Water security assessment and driving mechanism in the ecosystem service flow condition. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 104833–104851 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29604-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29604-4