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Impacts of rhizoremediation and biostimulation on soil microbial community, for enhanced degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in crude oil-contaminated agricultural soils

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Abstract

Hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere of plants growing in crude oil-contaminated sites of Assam, India. These bacteria showed plant growth-promoting attributes, even when exposed to crude oil. Two independent pot trials were conducted to test the rhizodegradation ability of the bacterial consortium in combination of plants Azadirchta indica or Delonix regia in crude oil-contaminated soil. Field experiments were conducted at two crude oil-contaminated agricultural field at Assam (India), where plants (A. indica or D. regia) were grown with the selected bacterial consortium consisting of five hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial isolates (Gordonia amicalis BB-DAC, Pseudomonas aeruginosa BB-BE3, P. citronellolis BB-NA1, Rhodococcus ruber BB-VND, and Ochrobactrum anthropi BB-NM2), and NPK was added to the soil for biostimulation. The bacterial consortium-NPK biostimulation led to change in rhizosphere microbiome with enhanced degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) in soils contaminated with crude oil. After 120 days of planting A. indica + consortium + NPK treatment, degradation of PHs was found to be up to 67%, which was 55% with D. regia with the same treatment. Significant changes in the activities of plant and soil enzymes were also noted. The shift is bacterial community was also apparent as with A. indica, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria increased by 35.35%, 26.59%, and 20.98%, respectively. In the case of D. regia, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were increased by 39.28%, 35.79%, and 9.60%, respectively. The predicted gene functions shifted in favor of the breakdown of xenobiotic compounds. This study suggests that a combination of plant-bacterial consortium and NPK biostimulation could be a productive approach to bioengineering the rhizosphere microbiome for the purpose of commercial bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated sites, which is a major environmental issue faced globally.

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Data Availability

The 16S rRNA sequences were deposited to NCBI and obtained NCBI GenBank accession numbers MK967987 MN493647, MN508937, MN480535, and MN493755 and raw sequencing data of NGS-based community analysis has been deposited in the sequence read archive of the NCBI under SRA numbers SRR13994212, SRR22142642, SRR14292154, and SRR22163873 and BioProject numbers PRJNA715307, PRJNA896944, PRJNA723445, and PRJNA897097.

The identified and collected isolates were submitted to National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), Pune, India under the accession nos. MCC4370, MCC 4426, MCC 4425, MCC4369, and MCC4942, respectively, and also available in Soil and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (SEML), Department of Microbiology, Assam University Silchar, Assam, India.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India

    Bhrigu Bhuyan, Rhitu Kotoky & Piyush Pandey

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B. B. has done the acquisition, analysis, interpretation of the data, and written the draft manuscript. R. K. has done the PICRUSt analysis and interpretation of the data. P. P. has conceptualized and designed the work and also prepared, reviewed, and finalized the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Piyush Pandey.

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Bhuyan, ., Kotoky, R. & Pandey, P. Impacts of rhizoremediation and biostimulation on soil microbial community, for enhanced degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in crude oil-contaminated agricultural soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 94649–94668 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29033-3

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