Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have recently emerged as a significant environmental concern due to the growth of population, expansion of industry, and the shift in modern lifestyles. Herein, we present a Fe(II)/percarbonate (SPC) process with dramatically enhanced efficiency by the introduction of zerovalent iron (ZVI). After the addition of ZVI, the removal rate of nizatidine (NZTD) went up from 71.7 to 84.2%. The removal rate of NZTD decreases with rising pH and speeds up with increasing temperature. It was found that under the condition of pH = 7 and T = 25 °C, the molar ratio of the optimal concentration of NZTD degradation in the system was [NZTD]0:[SPC]0:[Fe(II)]0:[ZVI]0 = 1:8:24:16, with a degradation rate of 99.8%. At the same time, target pollutants can also be successfully eliminated from actual water bodies. Moreover, we test for toxicity using luminescent bacteria, and the results demonstrate that the system is capable of effectively decreasing the toxicity of NZTD. The research findings can contribute to the clarification of the migration and transformation law of NZTD in the oxidation process, thereby providing a scientific basis and technical support for the removal of NZTD in the tertiary water treatment for a water source.
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Funding
Our work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51778267), the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2012ZX07408001), the Jilin Province Science and Technology Department Project (No. 20190201113JC), and the Jilin Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment Project (No. 2019–15).
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Mingxin Huo: conceptualization, methodology, software, investigation, formal analysis, writing — original draft; Deqiang Zou: data curation, methodology, software, resources, investigation, supervision, formal analysis, writing — original draft; Yingzi Lin: conceptualization, funding acquisition, resources, supervision, writing — review and editing; Yi Lou: methodology, software, resources, investigation, supervision; Gen Liu: validation, investigation, supervision; Siwen Li: validation, investigation, supervision; Lei Chen: project administration, validation, investigation, supervision; BaoLing Yuan: project administration, validation, investigation, supervision; Qingyu Zhang: visualization, data curation, formal analysis; Ao Hou: visualization, data curation, formal analysis.
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Huo, M., Zou, D., Lin, Y. et al. Enhanced degradation of emerging contaminants by percarbonate/Fe(II)-ZVI process: case study with nizatidine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 53309–53322 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25876-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25876-y