Abstract
Real domestic wastewater was treated initially in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), with partial nitrification achieved before the effluent was used as the influent for an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactor (ASBR) system. The effects of three factors, hydraulic retention time (HRT), substrate (NO2−/NH4+) ratio, and the ratio of COD to NH4+ (C/N), on the removal of carbon and nitrogen by an anammox and denitrification process were investigated in the ASBR reactor at 24°C. The response surface methodology was used to explore the interactions of the three factors. The results indicated that the nitrogen and carbon removal efficiency was optimum when HRT, substrate ratio, and C/N ratio were 33 h, 1.4–1.6, and 3–5, respectively. The optimal removal rates of NH4+, NO2−, and COD were 96.30%, 97.79%, and 72.91%, respectively. The ΔNO2−/ΔNH4+ and ΔNO3−/ΔNH4+ ratios of the first two conditions were less than the theoretical anammox values of 1.32 and 0.26 due to heterotrophic denitrification. The optimum nitrogen and carbon removal efficiencies of the third condition could be realized by the synergistic effect of denitrification and the anammox process. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that when the HRT was 33.48 h, the substrate ratio was 1.46, and the C/N ratio was 4.28, the total nitrogen removal rate (TNR) was optimum (90.12 ± 0.1%), verified by parallel experiments.
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This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51668033) and the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (18JR3RA126).
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YC contributed to the conception and modification of the study. ZY performed the experiment and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. YM contributed significantly to analysis and manuscript preparation. FA helped perform the analysis with constructive discussions. AL analyzed the data with the response surface methodology. HL helped perform the experiment. ZZ modified the content of the study. JM sorted out and summarized the data.
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Chen, ., Yuan, Z., Ma, Y. et al. Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification under different operating strategies. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 65462–65473 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15531-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15531-9