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Growth, pigment changes, and photosystem II activity in the aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor exposed to bisphenol A

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Abstract

As a result of its high production, bisphenol A (BPA) has become ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of BPA at 10 mg L−1 on Lemna minor after 7 days of exposure under controlled conditions according to ISO 20079. BPA statistically reduced the total frond number and frond area, while frond number per colony was significantly elevated in BPA-treated group. However, no change was recorded in root number, while root length was significantly reduced by BPA. BPA also decreased the content of Chl a, Chl b, Chl a + b, and carotenoid by 36%, 44%, 38%, and 32%, respectively, versus the control leading to a decrease in the quantum yield of photosystem II. In addition, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) values were 2.4- and 4.5-fold higher in light than in dark conditions for control and BPA-treated plants, respectively. Thus, there is a significant activation (61.8%; p<0.01) of PSII photoprotection mechanism (NPQ) in BPA-treated plants compared to control but without removing the negative effect of BPA on PSII. The total amount of soluble sugars was reduced by 40% compared to control, and starch accumulation was mainly observed in fronds exposed to BPA. Even if the response patterns of Lemna minor based on fresh and dry weight measurements were less sensitive in our experiment conditions, further studies should be addressed since BPA represents a threat to the dynamic equilibrium governing aquatic ecosystems.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Hervé Grisey for the helpful and fruitful discussion and the SICTOM (Syndicat Intercommunal de Collecte et de Traitement des Ordures Ménagères, Etueffont), for the financial help.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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The authors would like to acknowledge the SICTOM for the financial help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-, 25030, Besançon, France

    Pascale Bourgeade, Enis Aleya, Laurence Alaoui-Sosse & Badr Alaoui-Sosse

  2. Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25000, Besançon, France

    Guillaume Herlem

  3. Département d’Agronomie et d’Amélioration des Plantes, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, km. 10, Route Haj Kaddour, B.P. S/40, 50001, Meknès, Morocco

    Mohamed Bourioug

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  1. Pascale Bourgeade
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Contributions

BP and AE: Conceptualization, methodology, acquisition of data, and writing-original draft

ASL, HG, ASB, and BM: Supervision, resources, and project coordination

BM: Writing-review and editing

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Correspondence to Mohamed Bourioug.

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Bourgeade, ., Aleya, E., Alaoui-Sosse, L. et al. Growth, pigment changes, and photosystem II activity in the aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor exposed to bisphenol A. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 68671–68678 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15422-z

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