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Phytoremediation of toxic metals present in soil and water environment: a critical review

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A Correction to this article was published on 03 November 2020

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Abstract

Heavy metals are one of the most hazardous inorganic contaminants of both water and soil environment composition. Normally, heavy metals are non-biodegradable in nature because of their long persistence in the environment. Trace amounts of heavy metal contamination may pose severe health problems in human beings after prolonged consumption. Many instrumental techniques such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, etc. have been developed to determine their concentration in water as well as in the soil up to ppm, ppb, or ppt levels. Recent advances in these techniques along with their respective advantages and limitations are being discussed in the present paper. Moreover, some possible remedial phytoremediation approaches (phytostimulation, phytoextraction, phyotovolatilization, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization) have been presented for the removal of the heavy metal contamination from the water and soil environments.

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  • 03 November 2020

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Funding

The authors would like to thank the Department of Environment, Science & Technology, Shimla, Government of Himachal Pradesh (India) for providing financial assistance [Grant No: Env. S&T(F)/5-1/2018-8886].

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  1. Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India

    Varinder Singh Kanwar, Ajay Sharma & Arun Lal Srivastav

  2. School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India

    Lata Rani

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  1. Varinder Singh Kanwar
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VSK: critical review and expert view; AS: critical review and expert view; ALS: ideation and drafting of the manuscript; LR: literature review and drafting of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the research article and approved the final version.

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Correspondence to Arun Lal Srivastav.

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Highlights

• Heavy metals have been considered as one of the most lethal inorganic contaminants of water and soil.

• Major sources of toxic heavy metals are mining activities, industries, atmospheric pollution, etc.

• Heavy metal intake can cause carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, cardiovascular problems, etc.

• AAS, XRF, and NAA are the best determination techniques of heavy metals.

• Phytoextraction and phyotovolatilization are the best approaches of heavy metal removal from the soil and water, respectively.

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Kanwar, V.S., Sharma, A., Srivastav, A.L. et al. Phytoremediation of toxic metals present in soil and water environment: a critical review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 44835–44860 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10713-3

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