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Sorption specificity and desorption hysteresis of gibberellic acid on ferrihydrite compared to goethite, hematite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite

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Abstract

The pesticide gibberellic acid (GA3) is a potential endocrine disruptor and environmental toxin; therefore, research into its environmental fate is warranted. Batch studies were conducted to investigate the sorption and desorption characteristics of GA3 on aquifer media. The results demonstrated special sorption characteristic of GA3 on ferrihydrite compared to goethite, hematite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite, where the sorption kinetics of GA3 on ferrihydrite was fitted well with the pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intra-particle diffusion models. The sorption kinetics of GA3 on ferrihydrite indicated an initial high sorption rate followed by a slow reaction process. The initial high GA3 sorption rate may be related to electrostatic sorption and surface complexation reactions on the outer surfaces and at the macropore entrances of ferrihydrite. While the slow step was controlled by GA3 diffusion into mesopore of ferrihydrite. Analysis of the desorption hysteresis indicated a high hysteresis index (HI) ranging from 0.68 to 17.32, and a low desorption percentage ranging from 18 to 48%. After sufficient desorption, the calculated maximum residual GA3 quantity due to surface complexation reactions with the ferrihydrite coordinated unsaturated sites was 9.05 ± 0.12 mg g−1. The calculated maximum quantity of GA3 trapped within the mesopore was 16.23 ± 0.91 mg g−1.

Schematic overview of GA3 sorption and desorption on five minerals in groundwater

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41302199) and the Elite Scholar Program (Program E) of Tian** University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bei**g Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Bei**g, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Li Zhang & Fei Liu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, School of Civil Engineering, Tian** University, Tian**, 300072, People’s Republic of China

    Liang Chen

Authors
  1. Li Zhang
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  2. Fei Liu
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Correspondence to Fei Liu or Liang Chen.

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Responsible editor: Guilherme L. Dotto

Highlights

• GA3 sorption on ferrihydrite is the main process for its retardation in vadose zone

• The desorption hysteresis of GA3 on ferrihydrite is divided into three phases

• Surface complexation and mesopore entrapment result in GA3 hysteresis

• GA3 surface complexation is 9.05 ± 0.12 mg/g and pore entrapment is 16.23 ± 0.91 mg/g

Novelty Statement

The pesticide gibberellic acid (GA3) is a potential endocrine disruptor and environmental toxin; therefore, research into its environmental fate in subsurface soil is warranted. This paper investigated the sorption and desorption characteristics of GA3 on five common soil minerals including ferrihydrite, goethite, hematite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite. The results demonstrated that GA3 exhibited remarkable sorption and hysteresis on ferrihydrite but negligible on the other four minerals. These results indicate that GA3 could migrate quickly in subsurface soil and make a higher risk on groundwater safety.

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Zhang, L., Liu, F. & Chen, L. Sorption specificity and desorption hysteresis of gibberellic acid on ferrihydrite compared to goethite, hematite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 19068–19075 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9445-z

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