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A deductive approach to a systematic review of entrepreneurship literature

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Abstract

Due to the diversity of disciplines, scholars, and journals that publish entrepreneurship research, the literature has become a disorganized clutter, hindering the field’s ability to develop theory. The purpose of this research is to establish a meta-framework that could unify and subsume the diverse disciplines, scholars, and approaches to understanding entrepreneurship phenomena. In contrast to all the inductive approaches to organizing entrepreneurship literature, this exploratory study is the first to use a deductive approach based on General Systems Theory (GST). The paper begins by utilizing the process model of the GST to deduce seven fundamental categories for understanding entrepreneurship, which include: (1) the Entrepreneur, (2) Entrepreneurial Assistance, (3), Strategy, (4) Performance, (5) Academics, (6) Entrepreneurship Environment, and (7) Interactions (among the other categories). The paper then tests the validity and reliability of the GST framework using “expert” entrepreneurship researchers, based on a sample of 621 articles from several of the field’s most highly respected journals using content analysis. Based on this exploratory study, the GST meta-framework of entrepreneurship is shown valid and reliable. Consequently, virtually all entrepreneurship literature can be subsumed under its umbrella. Lastly, this paper organizes almost 50 years of entrepreneurship literature according to the GST framework and offers an overview of the literature across the seven categories and areas of future research.

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The data generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available in the open science foundation repository: https://osf.io/dhvw8/?view_only=6a63f31c537f455796e20ab76719852d

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The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Davis College of Business, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL, 32211, USA

    Justin R. Hall & Selen Savas-Hall

  2. Professor Emeritus, College of Business, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33432, USA

    Eric H. Shaw

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Correspondence to Selen Savas-Hall.

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Appendices

Appendix 1: Number of articles in entrepreneur research streams

figure a

Appendix 2: Number of articles in entrepreneurial assistance research streams

figure b

Appendix 3: Number of articles in strategy research streams

figure c

Appendix 4: Number of articles in academics research streams

figure d

Appendix 5: Number of articles in entrepreneurial environment research streams

figure e

Appendix 6: Number of articles in interactions research streams

figure f

Appendix 7: Directions for future research

Category

Future areas of research

(1) Entrepreneur

The goals and motivations of entrepreneurs and its influence on cognition, intention, and behavior

(2) Entreprenurial Assistance

As outlined by Stuart and Sorenoen (2007), the formation of entrepreneurial networks, how entrepreneuers interact with their networks, and develo** research designs and statistical approaches

(2) Entreprenurial Assistance

The role that money or technology play on entrepreneurship (ex. cognition, intention, strategies, behaviors, entrepreneurship, performance, etc.)

(2) Entreprenurial Assistance

When and how entities such as angel investors, banks, crowdfunding, peers, and family members provide value to entrepreneurs, as well as their investing strategies, decision processes and criteria

(2) Entreprenurial Assistance

The evolution of support centers (incubators, government orgnizations, universities, and non-government organizations) and their current state in the entrepreneurship system

(3) Strategy

The role of innovation as it relates to establishing disciplinary boundaries for the field of entrepreneurship

(3) Strategy

A review that examines and identifies past and current trends in the Financial and Accounting aspects of entrepreneurship

(3) Strategy

International business topics such as managing political risk and corruption, conducting international research, dealing with foreign entry barriers, establishing subsidairies, develo** global products, and adjusting service quality

(3) Strategy

What is the role of other business disciplines as it relates entrepreneurial strategy

(4) Performance

Explore and determine the outputs of the entrepreneurship system

(6) Environment

How laws, legislation, policies and governance impact entrepreneurship

(7) Interactions

Explore the wide range of interactions of the system. Only 13 interactions of the possible 720 interactions were explored

Provided in Conclusion Section

Use a wider selection of journals and an even larger sample to provide additional evidence for the framework's validity and reliability

Provided in Conclusion Section

With the categories established, future research should examine any potential subcategories under each of the seven caterogies of the framework

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Hall, J.R., Savas-Hall, S. & Shaw, E.H. A deductive approach to a systematic review of entrepreneurship literature. Manag Rev Q 73, 987–1016 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-022-00266-9

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