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Holistic Mechanism of Nanomaterials for Removal of Cd2+ from the Wastewater

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Abstract

The availability of toxic pollutants in the water is a primary obstacle to utilizing the water for drinking purposes. So, scientists are making efforts to develop cutting-edge, affordable, renewable, and environmentally friendly methods for wastewater treatment to address the water shortage challenges and protect human health from serious diseases. Many wastewater treatment techniques have been developed for water treatment, including adsorption, ion exchange, membrane separation, co-precipitation oxidation, and biochemical processes. In all these water treatment techniques, adsorption is one of the strong candidates to eliminate the Cd2+ from water because of its economic feasibility and short route. The pristine nanomaterials possessed poorer adsorption capacity than their composites. The Cd2+ adsorption capacity is in the decreasing order of the graphene oxides (GO), MXenes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and layered double hydroxides (LDHs). This  indicates that the GO is the most suitable choice for Cd2+ adsorption. In the current review, the authors discussed the performance of the MXene, graphene, GO, LDHs, and carbon nanotube (CNT)-based adsorbents. This study provides with a comparative analysis of the properties of all mentioned nanomaterials. A brief introduction of the synthesizing routes and the impact of various factors on the performance of nanomaterials have been discussed. Finally, the prospects and future challenges associated with the nanomaterials have been highlighted. In a nutshell, the porous nature, high inter-layer space, and significant specific surface area (SSA) of GO makes them an ideal candidate for the adsorption of Cd2+.

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Funding

This work was supported by UTB internal research grant UTB/GSR/2/2023(2), Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE-1410, Brunei Darussalam

    Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak, Rama Rao Karri, Yie Hua Tan & Khairunnisa Nabilah Ruslan

  2. Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India

    Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak

  3. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Chemistry, Bei**g University of Chemical Technology, Beisanhuan East Road 15, P. Box 98, Bei**g, 100029, People’s Republic of China

    Nadeem Hussain Solangi

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan

    Nadeem Hussain Solangi & Shaukat Ali Mazari

  5. INTI International University, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

    Rama Rao Karri & Shahriar Shams

  6. Civil Engineering Programme Area, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE-1410, Brunei Darussalam

    Shahriar Shams

  7. Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohammad Khalid

  8. Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India

    Mohammad Khalid

  9. Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India

    Mohammad Khalid

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  1. Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
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Mubarak, N.M., Solangi, N.H., Karri, R.R. et al. Holistic Mechanism of Nanomaterials for Removal of Cd2+ from the Wastewater. Water Air Soil Pollut 235, 251 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07067-8

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