Abstract
In order to study the integration of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in pigeonpox virus (PPV), we collected suspected pigeonpox disease material, amplified the 4b core protein gene of PPV, the gp90 gene of REV, and the integrated sequence fragments from the end of the ORF201 segment of PPV to the beginning of the LTR of REV, and sequenced these genes. The results showed that a 4b core protein fragment of 332 bp was amplified and identified as pigeonpox virus, which was named SX/TY/LTR 01/2023. Sequence analysis showed that the pigeonpox virus isolate belonged to genotype A2, which was the closest to the domestic CVL strain, with a identity of 99.4%. A band of 1191 bp was amplified from the gp90 gene of REV, named SX/TY/PPV-REV01/2023, and sequence analysis indicated that REV belonged to genotype III. The sequence analysis showed that REV belonged to genotype III, and belonged to the same large branch as the domestic isolates JSRD0701 and LNR0801, with 99.3% identity. The integrated sequence fragment was amplified to a band of 637 bp, which determined that the REV sequence was integrated in the PPV rather than a mixed infection of the two viruses. This indicates that REV was integrated in this isolation of PPV, suggesting that pigeon farms need to prevent reticuloendotheliosis at the same time when preventing pigeonpox.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
References
Saif YM (2012) Diseases of poultry. China Agric Press 12:335
Offerman K, Carulei O, Van Der Walt AP, Douglass N, Williamson AL (2014) The complete genome sequences of poxviruses isolated from a penguin and a pigeon in South Africa and comparison to other sequenced avipoxviruses. BMC Genomics 15:463
Chi X, Chen Z, Zeng X, Zhang X, Luo S, Huang X (2018) Pathogenic identification and pathological observations of pigeonpox virus in Fujian Province. Chin J Vet Sci 38:2078–2083
Abdallah FM, Hassanin O (2013) Detection and molecular characterization of avipoxviruses isolated from different avian species in Egypt. Virus Genes 46:63–70
Weli SC, Traavik T, Tryland M, Coucheron DH, Nilssen O (2004) Analysis and comparison of the 4b core protein gene of avipoxviruses from wild birds: evidence for interspecies spatial phylogenetic variation. Adv Virol 149:2035–2046
Che G (2013) Detection and analysis of fowlpox virus integration with reticuloendotheliosis virus gene. Shandong Agriculturl University
Hertig C, Coupar BE, Gould AR, Boyle DB (1997) Field and vaccine strains of fowlpox virus carry integrated sequences from the avian retrovirus, reticuloendotheliosis virus. Virology 235:367–376
Sun H, Che G, Qin M, Yang F, Li H, Liu S (2011) Evaluation of the pathogenicity of a field isolate of fowlpox virus integrated with REV sequence. Chin J Vet Sci 31:1568–1572
Duan H (1999) Detection of reticulonendotheliosis virus (REV) LTR fragments env and rel genes in fowlpox virus vaccine and field strains by using polymerase chain reaction. Chin J Vet Med 25:9–10
Cui Z (2006) Genetic recombination between avian retroviruses and DNA viruses and its epidemiological significance. Chin J Virol 22:151–153
Zhao P (2023) Isolation identification and genome analysis of pigeonpox virus. Thesis Submitt Northwest A&F Univ
Zhang M, Ti J, Li X, Yang J, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Diao Y (2016) Isolation and characterization of avian pox virus. China Poult 38:64–66
Qu Y, Li Y, Qu Y, Gao L, Ge C, Lv Y, Zhang G, Lv J (2015) Comprehensive diagnosis of fowlpox secondary to adenogastritis. Chin J Vet Med 51:38–39
Jarmin S (2006) Avipoxvirus phylogenetics: identification of a PCR length polymorphism that discriminates between the two major clades. J Gen Virol 87(8):2191–2201
Ha HJ, Howe L, Alley M, Gartrell B (2011) The phylogenetic analysis of avipoxvirus in New Zealand. Vet Microbiol 150(1–2):80–87
Sun Y, Wang Z, Zeng F, Weng Y, Lu J, Qin J, Lin R (2020) Isolation, identification and sequence analysis of 4b gene of pigeonpox virus. Chin Vet Sci 50:1389–1395
Deng X, Qi X, Gao Y, Qin L, Gao L, Wu G, Wang Y, Gao H, Wang X (2011) Molecular characteristics of the gp90 gene of 14 reticuloendotheliosis viruses isolated in China. Agric Sci Technol 12:1954–1957
Wang J, Guo K, Liu Z, Liu Y, Liu C, Zhao D, Li H, Dong N, Chen R (2014) Isolation and identification of reticuloendotheliosis virus, analysis of its whole genome sequence and pathogenicity experiment. China Anim Husb Vet Med 41:210–215
Jiang L, Qi X, Gao Y, Hua Y, Li K, Deng X, Wang Q, Zhang L, Chai H, Chen Y, Yin C, Gao H, Qin L, Wang Y, Qu Y, Chen Q, Fan Z, Wang X (2013) Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the reticuloendotheliosis virus isolated from wild birds in Northeast China. Vet Microbiol 166:68–75
García M, Narang N, Reed WM, Fadly AM (2003) Molecular characterization of reticuloendotheliosis virus insertions in the genome of field and vaccine strains of fowl poxvirus. Avian Dis 47:343–354
Ding J, Cui Z, Yu L, Sun S, Jiang S (2004) Detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus genomic sequence in the genome of field and vaccine strains of fowl poxvirus. Acta Microbiol Sin 44:588–592
Funding
This study was funded by Innovation Team Program of College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University (DY-CX005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
HDL and TTL mainly conducted PCR experiments, JTandSRD mainly collected and isolated viruses, DCW mainly cultured viruses, JZ mainly conducted data analysis, YBY mainly organized content, and KFLandXLG mainly reviewed the manuscripts.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Edited by Joachim J. Bugert.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, H., Li, T., Tang, J. et al. Isolation and identification of a pigeonpox virus strain and study on the integration of reticuloendotheliosis virus sequence. Virus Genes (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-024-02084-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-024-02084-5