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Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomaviruses in cattle papillomatosis cases by different methods

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Abstract

Papillomaviruses, known as epitheliotropic, cause proliferation in the skin, mucosa, and different visceral organs. In this study, it was aimed to diagnose bovine papillomavirus (BPV) by using different methods in the lesion taken from twenty cattle with papillomas in different areas of the body and to reveal its molecular characterization. In our study, molecular, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods were used for virus identification. Additionally, sequencing analysis was used to ascertain the phylogenetic relationship between the obtained field strains and other isolates submitted to GenBank. Histopathological analyses of the collected samples were done in addition to diagnostic procedures. Intranuclear virus particles were detected when the papillomas were investigated with TEM. In PCR analyses using degenerate and type-specific primer sets, the presence of BPV nucleic acid was determined in 70% (14/20) and 90% (18/20) of the samples, respectively. No virus could be detected in PCR applications using MY 09/11 degenerate primer sets. Twenty animals of different ages, races, and genders included in the study by random sampling method from different herds were divided into 4 groups according to the body regions where the lesions were located. Sequence analysis was performed on a sample from each group that showed strong positivity in the PCR technique using FAP 59/64 degenerate primer set and type-specific primer set. Sequence analyses were performed using FAP 59/64 degenerate primers of amplicons for phylogenetic research. In these analyses, three of the isolated strains were identified as BPV-1, which is in the Deltapapillomavirus 4 genus, and one as BPV-2. As a result of the study, it was concluded that molecular and phylogenetic studies using type-specific primers are more beneficial in order to fully reveal the etiology of papillomatosis in cattle and it would be correct to determine BPV types before prophylactic (vaccine, etc.) applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100, Burdur, Turkey

    Mehmet Kale, Yakup Yıldırım, Sevinç Sökel, Ayşegül Usta, Ali Küçük & Yakup Sinan Orta

  2. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey

    Özlem Özmen

  3. Department of Virology, Izmir/Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Izmir, Turkey

    Abdurrahman Anıl Çağırgan

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  1. Mehmet Kale
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  2. Yakup Yıldırım
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  3. Özlem Özmen
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  8. Yakup Sinan Orta
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Mehmet Kale, Yakup Yıldırım, Özlem Özmen, Abdurrahman Anıl Çağırgan, Sevinç Sökel, Ayşegül Usta, Ali Küçük, and Yakup Sinan Orta. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Yakup Yıldırım, Abdurrahman Anıl Çağırgan, and Ali Küçük and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yakup Yıldırım.

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Approval was obtained from the animal testing local ethics committee of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University (2022/879). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Kale, M., Yıldırım, Y., Özmen, Ö. et al. Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomaviruses in cattle papillomatosis cases by different methods. Trop Anim Health Prod 55, 191 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03610-7

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