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Re-viewing the entrepreneurial university: strategic challenges and theory building opportunities

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Abstract

Influenced by the neo-liberal economic perspective, in which universities are evaluated based on their contribution to society, the term “Entrepreneurial University” (EU) emerged in the early 1980s. The entrepreneurial university has evolved as a “natural” incubator supporting entrepreneurship, innovation, and sustainability in the university community (e.g., students, alumni, staff, and academics) and beyond civic engagement. Over the last four decades, academic debates on why and how higher education organizations could play this key role have become increasingly important in the business and management literature. It has motivated several special issues published in multidisciplinary academic journals, literature reviews, and theoretical-empirical contributions. However, there is a defragmentation of the literature given the unique nature of each entrepreneurial university during the current decade and the forced transformation of entrepreneurial organizations due to new (technological and health) paradigms. Therefore, this new decade opens the door for re-viewing the theoretical foundations and empirical evidence of entrepreneurial universities. Inspired by these universities’ challenges, this special issue represented a unique opportunity to build a novel theory that provides an updated theoretical view of the entrepreneurial university phenomenon (e.g., re-conceptualization, re-view missions, re-view business models, re-view metrics), as well as to offer new insights about how the new paradigms have transformed core entrepreneurial university activities (education, research, technology transfer, and entrepreneurship), strategies, and interconnectedness with ecosystems. This introductory paper encouraged an in-depth multidisciplinary conversation within the management and related research community from different socio-economic settings to make theoretical and empirical contributions. As a result, six papers have contributed to this special issue and provide several implications for different stakeholders.

Plain English Summary

Over the last four decades, academic debates on why and how higher education organizations could play this key role have become increasingly important in the business and management literature. It has motivated several special issues published in multidisciplinary academic journals, literature reviews, and theoretical-empirical contributions. However, there is a defragmentation of the literature given the unique nature of each entrepreneurial university during the current decade and the forced transformation of entrepreneurial organizations due to new (technological and health) paradigms. Therefore, this new decade opens the door for re-viewing the theoretical foundations and empirical evidence of entrepreneurial universities. Inspired by these universities’ challenges, this special issue represented a unique opportunity to build a novel theory that provides an updated theoretical view of the entrepreneurial university phenomenon.

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Notes

  1. Other terms used to refer to this type of university include “University Technological Transfer” (Dill, 1995), “Market Universities” (Slaughter and Leslie, 1997), “Innovative Universities” (Clark, 1998), “Engaged university” (Benneworth, 2012; Breznitz & Feldman, 2012; Bridger & Alter, 2006), and “Academic Enterprise” (Crow et al., 2020).

  2. Methodological note: We reviewed the accumulated empirical literature using the Web of Science database for its well-documented reliability in the realm of citation data processing (Di Guardo & Harrigan, 2012; Loi et al., 2016). Following Cerver Romero et al. (2021), we selected articles that incorporated the term “Entrepreneur * Universit *” in the title, abstract, or keywords in English language journals in the categories of management, entrepreneurship, and business within the 20 years window between 1993 and 2022. The analysis focused on the publications themselves and examined various variables such as authors and their affiliations, publication journals, citation frequencies, and references cited in these scholarly works. After a rigorous search process, a total of 361 empirical papers (published in English) between 1994 and 2022 were included in the analysis.

  3. Listed journals are in alphabetical order: Academy of Management Perspectives, Journal of Business Venturing, Industrial and Corporate Change, International Journal of Technology Management, Research Policy, Small Business Economics Journal, Strategic Management Journal, Technovation, Journal of Management Studies, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, The Journal of Technology Transfer, and among others.

  4. Methodological note: The co-word analysis is an impactful methodological approach to examine the co-occurrence of keywords or strategic terms within a set of academic papers (Castriotta et al., 2019; Castriotta et al., 2021; Loi et al., 2023). The co-word analysis provides insights into research trends and intellectual dynamics of a particular field of study (Castriotta et al., 2021). By examining the co-occurrence of terms, a reading of empirical papers on entrepreneurial universities offers insights into the re-view of central themes: core activities, strategies, and ecosystems.

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Special issue papers

  • Borman, B., Dalal, M., Hayter, C.S., & Maroulis, S. (2023). A transversal reconceptualization of entrepreneurship education: Applying insights from the lean social launch framework to the entrepreneurial university. Small Business Economics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-023-00859-y

  • Choi, H., Siegel, D., Waldman, D. A., Frandell, A., & Kim, J. (2023). Role conflict, entrepreneurial identity, and academic entrepreneurship: The effects of immigration status. Small Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-023-00861-4

  • Hahn, D., Minola, T., Vismara, S. & Agyare, D. (forthcoming). Does exploration and exploitation in university research drive early-stage equity financing of university spin-offs? Small Business Economics. In press.

  • Karahan, M. (2023). Advancing sustainable entrepreneurial universities: Sustainability transformations of university business incubators in Germany. Small Business Economics, DOI: 10.1007/s11187-023-00860-5.

  • Politis, D., Aaboen, L., Eide, A. E., & Haneberg, D. H. (2023). Re-viewing entrepreneurial universities through alumni engagement. Small Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-023-00863-2

  • Wurth, B., MacKenzie, N., & Howick, S. (forthcoming). Not seeing the forest for the trees? A systems approach to the entrepreneurial university. Small Business Economics. In press.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Global Center for Technology Transfer, School of Public Affairs, Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA

    Maribel Guerrero

  2. Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile

    Maribel Guerrero

  3. IDRAC Business School, Lyon, France

    Alain Fayolle

  4. Turku School of Economics, Turku, Finland

    Alain Fayolle

  5. Department of Economics and Business, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

    Maria Chiara Di Guardo

  6. Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

    Wadid Lamine

  7. School of Business, State University of New York SUNY, Oswego, NY, USA

    Sarfraz Mian

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  3. Maria Chiara Di Guardo
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Correspondence to Maribel Guerrero.

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Guerrero, M., Fayolle, A., Di Guardo, M.C. et al. Re-viewing the entrepreneurial university: strategic challenges and theory building opportunities. Small Bus Econ (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-023-00858-z

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