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[Fe3O4@CQD@Si(OEt)(CH2)3NH@CC@Ad@SO3H]+Cl−: As a new, efficient, magnetically separable and reusable heterogeneous solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of 5-amino-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole 4-carbonitril and pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazole derivatives

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Abstract

Magnetic nano-Fe3O4 based on adenine was synthesized with surface high-density functional group, namely SO3H, so that it is a novel Brønsted acid nanomagnetic catalyst, and acts as a solid heterogeneous catalyst. Also in this catalyst, the surface of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles was protected using carbon quantum dots (CQDs). The as-synthesized catalyst was characterized using different techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy map** (EDX map**), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The activity of the as-synthesized catalyst was evaluated in the synthesis of 5-amino-1, 3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole 4-carbonitril and pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazole derivatives. The proposed method has important features which include solvent-free, mild, metal-free, high yield, shorter reaction time, easy recovery of catalyst and easy workup procedure. The effect of temperature and the amount of the catalyst (optimum reaction condition) were determined using a systematic approach, namely the design of experiment (DoE).

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to appreciate the Research Council of Bu Ali Sina University for providing the facilities and financial support for this research.

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  1. Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838683, Iran

    Elahe Ahmadi, Ardeshir Khazaei & Tahereh Akbarpour

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  1. Elahe Ahmadi
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  2. Ardeshir Khazaei
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  3. Tahereh Akbarpour
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Correspondence to Ardeshir Khazaei.

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Ahmadi, E., Khazaei, A. & Akbarpour, T. [Fe3O4@CQD@Si(OEt)(CH2)3NH@CC@Ad@SO3H]+Cl−: As a new, efficient, magnetically separable and reusable heterogeneous solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of 5-amino-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole 4-carbonitril and pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazole derivatives. Res Chem Intermed 49, 2099–2122 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-022-04919-y

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