SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of temperature and resistance of tobacco cultivars to the progression of bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
Plant and Soil Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background and aims

Resistant cultivars are one of the most effective control measures used against bacterial wilt, caused by the soilborne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. We aimed to determine the effect of temperature and resistance of tobacco varieties on bacterial wilt occurrence.

Methods

Five tobacco cultivars, with varying resistance levels, were inoculated and transferred to growth chambers at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C. The growth rate of R. solanacearum was also studied in culture at 10, 20, and 30 °C. The mechanism of resistance was further examined in histological studies conducted at 10, 20, and 30 °C with strain AW1-gfp38 that expresses green fluorescent protein.

Results

The highest disease incidence was observed at 30 and 35 °C, while no symptoms were observed at 10 and 15 °C. Strains grew in culture at all temperatures. At 30 °C the low resistant cultivars had the most stems colonized by the bacterium, while the highly resistant cultivars mainly had localized infections in the roots.

Conclusions

We suggest that the mechanism of resistance in tobacco is associated with the ability to limit colonization of stem tissues and is temperature dependent. Evaluation of restricted root infections in breeding lines may provide a means for early screening of resistance in breeding programs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aribaud M, Noirot M, Fock-Bastide I, Vanient S, Kodja H (2014) Comparison between Solanum torvum Sw. And S. melongena L. After Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation. Plant Biol 16:1025–1028

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bocsanczy AM, Achenbach UCM, Mangravita-Novo A, Yuen JMF, Norman DJ (2012) Comparative effect of low temperature on virulence and twitching mobility of Ralstonia solanacearum strains present in Florida. Phytopathology 102:185–194

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burk LG, Heggestad HE (1966) The genus Nicotiana: a source of resistance to diseases of cultivated tobacco. Econ Bot 20:76–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ciampi L, Sequeira L (1980) Influence of temperature on virulence of race 3 strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum. Am Potato J 57:307–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clayton EE, Smith TE (1942) Resistance of tobacco to bacterial wilt (Bacterium solanacearum). J Agric Res 65:547–554

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruz APZ, Ferreira V, Pianzzola MJ, Siri MI, Coll NS, Valls M (2014) A novel, sensitive method to evaluate potato germplasm for bacterial wilt resistance using a luminescent Ralstonia solanacearum reporter strain. Mol Plant-Micro Int 27:277–285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dropkin VH (1969) The necrotic reaction of tomatoes and other hosts resistant to Meloidogyne: reversal by temperature. Phytopathology 59:1632–1637

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimault V, Prior P (1993) Bacterial wilt resistance in tomato associated with tolerance of vascular tissues to Pseudomonas solanacearum. Plant Pathol 42:589–594

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grimault V, Anais G, Prior P (1994) Distribution of Pseudomonas solanacearum in the stem tissues of tomato plants with different levels of resistance to bacterial wilt. Plant Pathol 43:663–668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayward AC (1991) Biology and epidemiology of bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum. Annu Rev Phytopathol 29:65–87

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hendrix JW (1972) Temperature-dependent resistance to tobacco ringspot virus in L8, a necrosis-prone tobacco cultivar. Phytopathology 62:1376–1381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jablonska B, Ammiraju JS, Bhattarai KK, Mantelin S, Martinez de Iarduya O, Roberts PA, Kaloshian I (2007) The Mi-9 Gene from Solanum arcanum conferring heat-stable resistance to root-knot nematodes is a homolog of Mi-1. Plant Physiol 143:1044–1054

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ji P, Allen C, Sanchez-Perez A, Yao J, Elphinstone JG, Jones JB, Momol MT (2007) New diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum strains associated with vegetable and ornamental crops in Florida. Plant Dis 91:195–203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katawczik M, Mila AL (2012) Plant age and strain of Ralstonia solanacearum affect the expression of resistance of tobacco cultivars to Granville wilt. Tob Sci 49:8–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katawczik M, Tseng HT, Mila AL (2016) Diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum populations affecting tobacco crops in North Carolina. Tob Sci XX (in press)

  • Kawasaki T, Satsuma H, Fujie M, Usami S, Yamada T (2007) Monitoring of phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum cells using green fluorescent protein-expressing plasmid derived from bacteriophage ΦRSS1. J of Biosci Bioeng 104:451–456

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelman A (1954) The relationship of pathogenicity in Pseudomonas solanacearum to colony appearance on a tetrazolium medium. Phytopathology 44:693–695

    Google Scholar 

  • Krausz JP, Thurston HD (1975) Breakdown of resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum in tomato. Phytopathology 65:1272–1274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lebeau A, Daunay MC, Frary A, Palloix A, Wang JF, Dintinger J, Chiroleu F, Wicker E, Prior P (2011) Bacterial wilt resistance in tomato, pepper, and eggplant: genetic resources respond to diverse strains in the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex. Phytopathology 101:154–165

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Littell R, Milliken GA., Stroup WW, Wolfinger RD, Schabenberber O (2006) SAS for mixed models. Second Edition Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc

  • Liu H, Kang Y, Genin S, Schell M, Denny T (2001) Twitching motility of Ralstonia solanacearum requires a type IV pilus system. Microbiology 147:3215–3229

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas GB (1975) Diseases of tobacco. 3rd ed. Biological Consulting Associates, Raleigh, NC

  • Mandal S, Kar I, Mukherjee AK, Acharya P (2013) Elicitor-induced defense responses in Solanum lycopersicum against Ralstonia solanacearum. Sci World J 2013:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGarvey JA, Denny TP, Schell MA (1999) Spatial-temporal and quantitative analysis of growth and EPS I production by Ralstonia solanacearum in resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars. Phytopathology 89:1233–1239

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mila AL, Radcliff J (2015) Managing diseases. Flue-Cured Tobacco Guide. N. C. Coop. Ext. Serv. Bull., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, In, pp. 124–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Mori Y, Inoue K, Ikeda K, Nakayashiki H, Higashimoto C, Ohnishi K, Kiba A, and Hikichi Y (2015) The vascular plant-pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum produces biofilms required for its virulence on the surfaces of tomato cells adjacent to intercellular spaces. Molecular Plant Path 1–13

  • Peeters N, Carrère S, Anisimova M, Plener L, Cazalé AC, Genin S (2013) Repertoire, unified nomenclature and evolution of the type III effector gene set in the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex. BMC Genomics 14:859

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Powell NT, Melendez PL, Batten CK (1971) Disease complexes in tobacco involving Meloidogyne incognita and certain soil-borne fungi. Phytopathology 61:1332–1337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prior P, Bart S, Leclercq S, Darrasse A, Anais G (1996) Resistance to bacterial wilt in tomato as discerned by spread of Pseudomonas (Burholderia) solanacearum in the stem tissues. Plant Pathol 45:720–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saile E, McGarvey JA, Schell MA, Denny TP (1997) Role of extracellular polysaccharide and endoglucanase in root invasion and colonization of tomato plants by Ralstonia solanacearum. Phytopathology 87:1264–1271

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Samuel G (1931) Some experiments on inoculating methods with plant viruses, and on local lesions. Ann Appl Biol 18:494–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sierro N, Battey J, Ouadi S, Bakaher N, Bovet L, Willig A, Goepfert S, Peitsch M, Ivanov N (2014) The tobacco genome sequence and its comparison with those of tomato and potato. Nature Communications Article number 3833

  • Valleau WD (1952) Breeding tobacco for disease resistance. Econ Bot 6:69–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasse J, Frey P, Trigalet A (1995) Microscopic studies of intercellular infection and protoxylem invasion of tomato roots by Pseudomonas solanacearum. Mol Plant Microbe Int 8:241–251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vasse J, Genin S, Frey P, Boucher C, Brito B (2000) The hrpB and hrpG regulatory genes of Ralstonia solanacearum are required for different stages of the tomato root infection process. Mol Plant Microbe Int 13:259–267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Bao Z, Zhu Y, Hua J (2009) Analysis of temperature modulation of plant defense against biotrophic microbes. Mol Plant Microbe Int 22:498–506

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei Z, Huang JF, Hu J, Gu YA, Yang CL, Mei XL, Shen QR, Xu YC, Friman VP (2015) Altering transplantation time to avoid periods of high temperature can efficiently reduce bacterial wilt disease incidence with tomato. PLoS One 10:e0139313

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yuliar NYA, Toyota K (2015) Recent trends in control methods for bacterial wilt diseases caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Microbes Environ 30(1):1–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Zhang D, Chen J, Yang Y, Huang Z, Huang D, XC W, Huang R (2004) Tomato stress-responsive factor TSRF1 interacts with ethylene responsive element GCC box and regulates pathogen resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum. Plant Mol Biol 55:825–834

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the North Carolina Tobacco Foundation and the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company for their financial support and Dr. Ralph Dean for use of a fluorescent microscope. We would also like to thank Dr. Anjali Iyer-Pascuzzi for review of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7616, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

    R. J. Bittner & A. L. Mila

  2. Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8204, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

    C. Arellano

Authors
  1. R. J. Bittner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. Arellano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. L. Mila
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. L. Mila.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Jesus Mercado-Blanco.

Electronic Supplementary Material

ESM 1

(PDF 154 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bittner, R.J., Arellano, C. & Mila, A.L. Effect of temperature and resistance of tobacco cultivars to the progression of bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum . Plant Soil 408, 299–310 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2938-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2938-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation