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Exploration of second and third order nonlinear optical properties for theoretical framework of organic D–π–D–π–A type compounds

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Abstract

Organic compounds expressed excellent nonlinear optical (NLO) performance which can effectively be utilized in numerous fields like optical fibers, optical communications, and optical modulation. In this study, eight new compounds abbreviated as HCPBD1–HCPBD8 were designed by structural alterations at donor and acceptor parts using HCPBR (hexyl-2-cyano-3-[4-(pyren-1-yl) benzen-1-yl]) as reference molecule for promising nonlinear optical responses. For this purpose, natural bonding orbital (NBO), absorption spectra, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and nonlinear optical (NLO) computations of HCPBR and HCPBD1–HCPBD8 were employed via M06 level of theory using 6-31G(d,p) basis set in dichloromethane solvent. All the designed molecules (HCPBD1–HCPBD8) showed smaller HOMO–LUMO energy band gap in comparison to HCPBR. Furthermore, these derivatives expressed larger softness magnitudes than HCPBR which indicated derivatives were more polarizable than parent molecule. Additionally, HCPBD1–HCPBD8 displayed red shift than HCPBR, particularly, HCPBD8 exhibited highest λmax as 1003.75 nm followed by low transition energy. Accompanying with, NBO computations revealed that prolonged hyper-conjugation and strong internal molecular interaction play key role in their stabilization as well as support to their NLO responses. Consequently, linear polarizability 〈α〉 and NLO responses such as first hyperpolarizability (β) and second-order hyperpolarizability 〈γ〉 values of HCPBD1–HCPBD8 were higher than HCPBR. Interestingly, HCPBD8 contained highest values 1576.05 (a.u.), 293,462.15 (a.u.) and 91.57 × 106 (a.u.) of 〈α〉, βtotal and 〈γ〉, respectively. This study showed that structural tailoring with various donor and acceptor units plays a crucial role to obtain alluring NLO material for optoelectronic applications.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful for cooperation and collaboration of A.A.C.B from IQ-USP, Brazil especially for his continuous computational support and lab facilities. A.A.C.B. (Grants 2011/07895-8, 2015/01491-3, and 2014/25770-6) is thankful to Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo for financial support. A.A.C.B. (Grant 309715/2017-2) also thanks the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) for financial support and fellowships. This study was also financed in part by the CAPES—Finance Code 001. M. Imran express appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University Saudi Arabia for funding through research groups program under Grant Number R.G.P. 1/37/42.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan

    Muhammad Khalid, Shabana Irshad & Bakhat Ali

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Pakistan

    Muhammad Usman Khan, Riaz Hussain & Amjad Hussain

  3. Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil

    Ataualpa Albert Carmo Braga

  4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia

    Muhammad Imran

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Khalid, M., Khan, M.U., Hussain, R. et al. Exploration of second and third order nonlinear optical properties for theoretical framework of organic D–π–D–π–A type compounds. Opt Quant Electron 53, 561 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03212-3

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