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Conjugated linoleic acid and glucosamine supplements may prevent bone loss in aging by regulating the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway

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Abstract

The skeleton is a living organ that undergoes constant changes, including bone formation and resorption. It is affected by various diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, and osteomalacia. Nowadays, several methods are applied to protect bone health, including the use of hormonal and non-hormonal medications and supplements. However, certain drugs like glucocorticoids, thiazolidinediones, heparin, anticonvulsants, chemotherapy, and proton pump inhibitors can endanger bone health and cause bone loss. New studies are exploring the use of supplements, such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and glucosamine, with fewer side effects during treatment. Various mechanisms have been proposed for the effects of CLA and glucosamine on bone structure, both direct and indirect. One mechanism that deserves special attention is the regulatory effect of RANKL/RANK/OPG on bone turnover. The RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway is considered a motive for osteoclast maturation and bone resorption. The cytokine system, consisting of the receptor activator of the nuclear factor (NF)-kB ligand (RANKL), its receptor RANK, and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG), plays a vital role in bone turnover. Over the past few years, researchers have observed the impact of CLA and glucosamine on the RANKL/RANK/OPG mechanism of bone turnover. However, no comprehensive study has been published on these supplements and their mechanism. To address this gap in knowledge, we have critically reviewed their potential effects. This review aims to assist in develo** efficient treatment strategies and focusing future studies on these supplements.

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Author notes

  1. Abduladheem Turki Jalil

    Present address: University of Karbala, College of Medical, Karbala, Iraq

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Karbala, College of Medical, Karbala, Iraq

    Shaymaa J. Abdulrahman

  2. Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq

    Mohanad Ali Abdulhadi

  3. College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Al-Nasiriya, Iraq

    Abduladheem Turki Jalil

  4. National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq

    Dumooa Falah

  5. Prosthetic dental Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq

    Muna S. Merza

  6. Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq

    Abbas F. Almulla

  7. Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq

    Ahmed Ali

  8. College of Medical Technology, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq

    Ronak Taher Ali

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Shaymaa J. Abdulrahman, Abduladheem Turki Jalil, Mohanad Ali Abdulhadi, Dumooa Falah, Muna S. Merza, Abbas F. Almulla, Ahmed Ali and Ronak Taher Ali all contributed significantly to the development and completion of this research paper. Shaymaa J. Abdulrahman, Abduladheem Turki Jalil and Mohanad Ali Abdulhadi were responsible for conceptualizing the study and designing the research framework. Ronak Taher Ali, Dumooa Falah, and Muna S. Merza conducted the literature review, gathering relevant information on bone health, osteoporosis, and the impact of various drugs and supplements. Abbas F. Almulla and Ahmed Ali were involved in analyzing and interpreting the data related to the regulatory effect of RANKL/RANK/OPG on bone turnover concerning the use of CLA and glucosamine supplements. All authors participated in the critical review of the manuscript, providing valuable insights, and revising the content to ensure the accuracy and clarity of the information presented. Shaymaa J. Abdulrahman, Abduladheem Turki Jalil, Mohanad Ali Abdulhadi, Dumooa Falah, Muna S. Merza, Abbas F. Almulla, Ahmed Ali and Ronak Taher Ali contributed equally in the preparation of the final version of the paper, approving it for submission, and agreeing to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Their collaborative efforts have been instrumental in addressing the knowledge gap regarding the potential effects of CLA and glucosamine on the RANKL/RANK/OPG mechanism on bone turnover, thus paving the way for the development of more effective treatment strategies and guiding future studies on these supplements and their mechanisms in bone health.

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Abdulrahman, S., Abdulhadi, M.A., Turki Jalil, A. et al. Conjugated linoleic acid and glucosamine supplements may prevent bone loss in aging by regulating the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. Mol Biol Rep 50, 10579–10588 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-08839-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-08839-x

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