Abstract
Bamboo is one of the most important non-timber forest species in the world, but their molecular breeding lags far behind in contrast to other economic plants. Regarding the difficulties of hybridization and gene modification, the transposon-based insertional mutagenesis might be an alternative, feasible way for molecular breeding of bamboo. A systematic search for potential active transposons identified two full-length mariner-like elements (MLEs) (Ppmar1 and Ppmar2) from moso bamboo in the previous study. Both MLEs contain perfect terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) and a full-length intact transposase. Two transposases contain intact DNA-binding motifs and a DD39D catalytic domain which indicates that Ppmar1 and Ppmar2 are likely active. Here, we deployed a heterologous transposition system of Arabidopsis thaliana to study the transposition activity of Ppmar1 and Ppmar2. The results show that both MLEs could transpose in A. thaliana. Excisions of Ppmar1 and Ppmar2 are usually unperfect as they leave 1–4 bp in excision sites. The reinsertions of both Ppmar1 and Ppmar2 occur at TA dinucleotides and prefer to insert into the TA-rich regions. The insertion sites are dispersed and non-linked. Two active bamboo transposons identified here not only could be applied to construction of the bamboo mutant libraries but also would provide another choice for other plant transposon-based gene tagging.
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This work was funded by the grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No 31270645 and 31470615) and through the Talents Program of Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (grant No. LR12C16001).
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Electronic supplementary material
Supplementary file S1.
The sequences of Ppmar1NA and Ppmar2NA. (FASTA 2 kb)
Supplementary table S2.
The number of resistant transgenic Arabidopsis plants which were selected to investigate the transposition activity of Ppmar1 and Ppmar2. (DOCX 14 kb)
Supplementary figure S3.
The blanking sequences of 10 Ppmar1 insertion sites. The lowercase ta were marked where Ppmar1 inserted, and transposons were represented by the symbols (◄►). (GIF 32 kb)
Supplementary figure S4.
The blanking sequences of 10 Ppmar2 insertion sites. The lowercase ta were marked where Ppmar2 inserted, and transposons were represented by the symbols (◄►). (GIF 33 kb)
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Zhou, M., Hu, H., Liu, Z. et al. Two active bamboo mariner-like transposable elements (Ppmar1 and Ppmar2) identified as the transposon-based genetic tools for mutagenesis. Mol Breeding 36, 163 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-016-0588-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-016-0588-2