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Biodegradable Polymer Encapsulated Nickel Nanoparticles for Slow Release Urea Promotes Rhode Grass Yield and Nitrogen Recovery

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Abstract

There is a pressing need for the development of sustainable and high-use efficiency nitrogen (N) fertilizer formulations to ensure food security and climate change mitigation. Recently, nanotechnology has shown a potential to contribute to sustainable agrochemicals production by the coating of organic and inorganic nanomaterials. Here we explored the use of nickel encapsulated nanoparticles with different biodegradable coatings such as: starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gum arabica, gelatin, molasses and paraffin wax (PW) to improve the physical properties of conventional N fertilizer under soil plant system. The results revealed that coating urea granules with nickel encapsulated nanoparticles significantly increased N availability and thereby the dry matter yield of Rhode grass. The coating materials reduce the dissolution and enhance the impact resistance of granules. The UC-5 treatment containing starch, PVA, molasses, PW and Ni-NPs gives the best results in the terms of release rate (77.96% of urea release after 120 min relative to 100% urea release for uncoated granule), crushing strength (70 ± 0.27 N) and Rhode grass dry matter yield (58.55 g pot−1). The results showed that the UC-5 treatment greatly enhanced soil mineral nitrogen relative to uncoated and urea coated with NiO-NPs only. Therefore, this formulation would be considered for improving plant N uptake under sustainable and clean agriculture.

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Abbreviations

NiO-NPs:

Nickel nanoparticles

N:

Nitrogen

P:

Phosphorus

K:

Potassium

ANR:

Apparent nitrogen recovery

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

UV–VIS:

Ultraviolet visible (UV) spectroscopy

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

FBC:

Fluidized bed coater

U-0:

Uncoated urea granule

UC-1:

0.5% NiO-NPs

UC-2:

10% Starch, 5% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 5% paraffin wax (PW) and 0.5% NiO-NPs

UC-3:

5% Gelatin, 10% Gum Arabica,5% paraffin wax (PW) and 0.5%NiO-NPs

UC-4:

10% Starch, 5% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 5% Molasses and 0.5% NiO-NPs

UC-5:

10% Starch, 5% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 2.5% Molasses, 2.5% paraffin wax (PW) and 0.5% NiO-NPs

C:

Control (no fertilizer)

EC:

Electrical conductivity

TOC:

Total organic carbon

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Funding

This research is funded by Agricultural Linkages Program (ALP), Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) under Project No: NR 190.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Bilal Beig, Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi & Zaib Jahan

  2. Research and Development Department, Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited, Head Office 156-The Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Munir Zia

  3. Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, 10370, Punjab, Pakistan

    Ghulam Abbas Shah

  4. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, 46300, Punjab, Pakistan

    Zahid Iqbal

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Contributions

All authors contributed to conception and design of the study. BB, MBKN and ZB performed Material preparation, experiments, data collection, and analysis. BB, ZI and GAS prepared figures. The first draft of the manuscript was written by BB. MZ and MBKN reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi.

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Beig, B., Niazi, M.B.K., Jahan, Z. et al. Biodegradable Polymer Encapsulated Nickel Nanoparticles for Slow Release Urea Promotes Rhode Grass Yield and Nitrogen Recovery. J Polym Environ 31, 1866–1883 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02729-2

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