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Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): A Review on Biosynthesis, Properties, Fermentation Strategies and Its Prospective Applications for Sustainable Future

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Abstract

Exponential increase in the use and disposal of synthetic plastics has raised an alarming concern related to their adverse effect on the environment due to their recalcitrant nature and non biodegradability. Nevertheless, the depletion in the petrochemical sources made it imperative to search for other sustainable alternatives to synthetic plastics. This triggered the attention on biodegradable plastics produced from plants, animals and microbial sources that have excellent material properties like their synthetic counterparts. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are ineluctably promising microbial polyesters that have the competence to supersede traditional oil-based synthetic polymers which causes major disposal issues worldwide. The compostable nature, biocompatibility, thermostability, and resilience of these bio-based polymers make them an acceptable replacement in the global market. Their versatile material properties made them a propitious candidate in packaging, biomedicine, tissue engineering, biofuel production, nanocomposite formation, and other industrial applications. Despite their potential advantages, the commercialization of PHA is hindered majorly due to the high cost associated with their production and extraction. This review work majorly focuses on the production, extraction, applications and fermentation strategies for enhancing PHA production. The review also addresses the production of PHA from extremophiles, challenges associated with PHA production and sustainable substrates for PHA production using various agroindustrial wastes.

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Acknowledgements

This review paper was supported by University Research Fellowship (URF), Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu. Authors thank the Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu for supporting and encouraging the successful execution of this review work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Koushika Saravanan & Preethi Kathirvel

  2. Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    Mridul Umesh

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  1. Koushika Saravanan
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  2. Mridul Umesh
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  3. Preethi Kathirvel
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All the authors contributed to the fulfillment of the manuscript. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by KS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by KS and Dr. MU. Corresponding author, Dr. PK commented on previous versions of the manuscript and proof-read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Preethi Kathirvel.

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Saravanan, K., Umesh, M. & Kathirvel, P. Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): A Review on Biosynthesis, Properties, Fermentation Strategies and Its Prospective Applications for Sustainable Future. J Polym Environ 30, 4903–4935 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02562-7

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