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Courtship in Two Morphotypes of the Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) Cryptic Species Complex and their Implications for Understanding Mate Recognition

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Abstract

Ritualized courtship behaviors are used to recognize potential mates and behavioral patterns are inevitably different among populations that demonstrate reproductive incompatibility. We characterized and compared the courtship behaviors of two morphotypes of the cryptic species complex Anastrepha fraterculus: Brazil-1 morphotype and Brazil-3 morphotype. Courtship behaviors were filmed to analyze the behavioral sequences of these two morphotypes during homotypic crossings. The behavioral units Alignment (AL) and Abdominal movements (AB and AB-call) were newly recognized in the courtship ethogram of Anastrepha fraterculus males. The two morphotypes show distinct behavioral sequences leading up to copulation. Some behaviors were repeated frequently during the courtship process, while others were more restricted to the final moments of courtship. The three behavioral units that contributed most to copulation success were Contact, Alignment, and Arrowhead 1 in the Brazil-1 morphotype and Alignment, Arrowhead 1, and Fanning in the Brazil-3 morphotype. Some behavioral routines differed across the two morphotypes. Significant differences were also noted between the frequencies of the behavioral units displayed during courtship in the two morphotypes. The relationships between the pre-zygotic incompatibilities of the Brazil-1 and Brazil-3 morphotypes and the differences between the courtship behaviors of their males are discussed. Our results indicate that behavioral isolation is involved in the process of pre-zygotic reproductive isolation of Brazil-1 and Brazil-3 morphotypes.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for financial support of the first author; the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA/ FAO, in Vienna Austria) through the “Coordinated Research Project on Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Overcome Constraints to SIT and International Trade (Research Contract No. 16060)”; those that helped in collecting the insect populations; Dr. Keiko Uramoto and Dr. Vicente Hernández-Ortiz for identifying the morphotypes; and all of the interns that aided in the rearing and maintenance of the fly colonies.

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  1. Instituto de Biologia, Barão do Jeremoabo s/n, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-290, Brazil

    Alzira Kelly Passos Roriz, Hilton F. Japyassú & Iara Sordi Joachim-Bravo

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  1. Alzira Kelly Passos Roriz
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  2. Hilton F. Japyassú
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  3. Iara Sordi Joachim-Bravo
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Correspondence to Alzira Kelly Passos Roriz.

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Passos Roriz, A.K., F. Japyassú, H. & Sordi Joachim-Bravo, I. Courtship in Two Morphotypes of the Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) Cryptic Species Complex and their Implications for Understanding Mate Recognition. J Insect Behav 31, 535–551 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-018-9697-6

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