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Super-efficient and stable detection of toxic heavy metal by polyethylenimine-modified graphene electrode sensor

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Abstract

A novel graphene-modified electrode with polyethylenimine (PEI) and chitosan (CS) was created to detect Pb(II) via differential pulsed anodic strip** voltammetry (DPASV). PEI grafted on graphene oxide (GO) by reduction reaction was prepared into PEI-rGO composite, then the material was combined with CS to successfully prepare (PEI-rGO)/CS electrodes, and the effects of PEI-rGO contents on the Pb(II) detection response were investigated. The modified electrodes showed significant improvement in electrochemical activity, effective surface area, and Pb(II) detection sensitivity. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the electrodes displayed a wide linear concentration range (1–130 μg/L) and a low detection limit (5 ng/L) on Pb(II) detection. The experimental results showed that the modified electrode had a good stability with 1.80% relative standard deviation (RSD) of 10 repetitions of Pb(II) detection. This electrode had good anti-interference and good detection on Pb(II) in real water samples. The results offered a potential sensor technique for efficient and rapid in situ Pb(II) monitoring in aquatic environments.

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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education Natural Science Foundation of China (GJJ190983); the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (20224BAB203024); and the Jiangxi Provincial Science and technology Major Project (20203ABC28W016).

Funding

Funding was provided by Jiangxi Provincial Science and technology Major Project (Grant no. 20203ABC28W016), Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. GJJ190983), Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 20224BAB203024).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Sciences, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China

    Wenting Li, Sheng Xu, Zhenxi Wang, Meng Cao & Yang Liu

  2. College of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing College of Mobile Communication, Chongqing, 401520, China

    Yanhong Chen

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  1. Wenting Li
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Contributions

Wenting Li contributed to Investigation, Validation, and Writing-original draft. Sheng Xu contributed to Conceptualization, Writing-review & editing, Project administration, and Funding acquisition. Yanhong Chen contributed to Investigation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Data curation, and Validation. Zhenxi Wang contributed to Funding acquisition and Writing-review & editing. Meng Cao contributed to Writing-review & editing. Yang Liu contributed to Writing-review & editing.

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Correspondence to Sheng Xu or Zhenxi Wang.

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Li, W., Xu, S., Chen, Y. et al. Super-efficient and stable detection of toxic heavy metal by polyethylenimine-modified graphene electrode sensor. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 1065 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12838-4

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