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Haploid spontaneous diploidization during apogamy of male gametophytes in Pyropia haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

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Abstract

Cytological observations were systematically employed for detecting cellular morphogenesis and chromosomal behavior of apogamous development of new sporophytes from individually cultured male gametophytes of Pyropia haitanensis. The results showed that the apical parts of premature male gametophytes initially underwent obvious apogamy, which primarily appeared in the functionally specialized spermatangial mother cells (SSMCs) that would not develop into highly differentiated spermatangia but change their developmental fate and become brownish red in color. These brownish red spermatangial mother cells (SMCs) were released accompanying the spermatia dissociated from mature spermatangia and then rarely formed circular carpospore-like cells (CLCs) and carpospore-like germlings (CLGs) that eventually developed into normal apogamous sporophytic conchocelis. Chromosome counts indicated that spermatangia and spermatia were haploid (n = 5), whereas SSMCs, CLCs, and CLGs were diploid (2n = 10). Furthermore, filamentous conchocelis and conchosporangial branch cells of apogamous sporophytes were diploid and no haploid, aneuploid, and polyploid were observed, suggesting that spontaneous chromosome doubling occurred in the process of apogamy and initiated rarely SSMCs rather than released spermatia. Moreover, pit connections were observed in the whole development of apogamous sporophytes like in heterozygous sporophytes. Mitotic chromosomal behaviors appeared during the first two divisions of conchospores that normally grew into haploid tetrads and developed into unisexual male gametophytes with the characteristics of apogamy in the aging cultures.

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Abbreviations

SSMCs:

Specialized spermatangial mother cells

SCs:

Spermatangial cells

CLCs:

Carpospore-like cells

CLGs:

Carpospore-like germlings

SMCs:

Spermatangial mother cells

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0900606), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31072208), Major Science and Technology Specific Program of Zhejiang Province (2016C02055-6), Science and Technology Planning Project of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2018335), and Open Program of Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province (2017fjscq02)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China

    Chenhui Zhong & **nghong Yan

  2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China

    **nghong Yan

  3. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, China

    **nghong Yan

  4. Provincial Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province, **amen, Fujian, China

    Chenhui Zhong

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  1. Chenhui Zhong
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  2. **nghong Yan
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Correspondence to **nghong Yan.

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Zhong, C., Yan, X. Haploid spontaneous diploidization during apogamy of male gametophytes in Pyropia haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). J Appl Phycol 32, 1395–1403 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-019-01981-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-019-01981-9

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