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ZIF-67 nanocrystals for determining silver: optimizing conditions by Box–Behnken design

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Abstract

The synthesis and use of a suitable metal–organic framework (ZIF-67) as a sensory material for voltammetric measuring of silver(I) is the subject of this investigative work. In this regard, the size exclusion property of the ZIF-67 is coupled with the analytical voltammetry method and as a result, an efficient approach for measuring silver(I) has been obtained with appropriate selectivity and sensitivity. The detailed characterization of the synthesized ZIF-67 as well as the carbon paste electrode modified with it (Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy) indicates the exact synthesis of high-purity ZIF-67. Box–Behnken design has been used to optimize the conditions of preparation and operation of the sensor. There is a direct relationship between silver molarity in the enrichment solution and silver strip** current in the 1.0 × 10−10 to 2.5 × 10−7 molarity range. The detection limit was 2.5 × 10−11 M. Proper selectivity of this sensor greatly reduces mercury interference in silver measurement. When using the sensor to measure silver in real samples, results were obtained that agree with the results of the classical method of measuring silver.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran

    Majid Yaghoubi, Nader Mokhtarian & Mohammad Hassan Vakili

  2. Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran

    Ali Reza Zanganeh

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  1. Majid Yaghoubi
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Correspondence to Ali Reza Zanganeh.

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Yaghoubi, M., Zanganeh, A.R., Mokhtarian, N. et al. ZIF-67 nanocrystals for determining silver: optimizing conditions by Box–Behnken design. J Appl Electrochem 52, 683–696 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-021-01660-z

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