Abstract
Diploids, triploids and tetraploids were screened from the germplasm garden of Chinese chive in this study using flow cytometry and chromosome counting technologies. Their evolutionary status was analyzed by karyotype comparison and microsporogenesis observation. Their relationships were determined and discussed. The karyotype formula of the diploids was 2n = 2x = 16 = 14 m + 2sm (2SAT). The asymmetrical karyotype coefficient (As. K. C) was 57.02%. The karyotype formula of triploids was 2n = 3x = 24 = 18 m + 6sm (2SAT), and the As. K. C was 57.49%. The karyotype formula of tetraploids was 2n = 4x = 32 = 26 m + 4sm + 2st (2SAT), and the As. K. C was 57.80%. The karyoty** results suggested that the evolutionary status increased with increasing ploidy in Chinese chive, although all of them were 2A karyotypes. Abnormal chromosome synapsis and separation during microsporogenesis result in the formation of pollen of different sizes in triploids, suggesting that 2n gametes more easily form in triploids. Therefore, we speculate that tetraploids were formed by the combination of 2n gametes of a triploid and n gametes of a diploid. In this process, triploids are the most likely bridge for the formation of tetraploids in Chinese chive.
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This work was supported by the Scientific and Technology Project in Henan Province, China (212102110040) and Graduate Program Funding of Henan University of Science and Technology (2020YJG-020).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Peng-Qiang Yao, Jian-Hua Chen, Pei-Fang Ma and Li-Hua **e. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Peng-Qiang Yao. Jiang Shui and Shi-** Cheng commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Yao, PQ., Chen, JH., Ma, PF. et al. Karyotype analysis of Chinese chive germplasms with different ploidy levels and their evolutionary relationships. Genet Resour Crop Evol 71, 1749–1758 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01717-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01717-2