Abstract
Astrocytes are a dominant cell type that envelopes the glioma bed. Typically, that is followed by formation of contacts between astrocytes and glioma cells and accompanied by change in astrocyte phenotype, a phenomenon known as a ‘reactive astrogliosis.’ Generally considered glioma-promoting, astrocytes have many controversial peculiarities in communication with tumor cells, which need thorough examination in vitro. This review is devoted to in vitro co-culture studies of glioma cells and astrocytes. Firstly, we list several fundamental works which allow understanding the modalities of co-culturing. Cell-to-cell interactions between astrocytes and glioma cells, the roles of astrocytes in tumor metabolism, and glioma-related angiogenesis are reviewed. In the review, we also discuss communications between glioma stem cells and astrocytes. Co-cultures of glioma cells and astrocytes are used for studying anti-glioma treatment approaches. We also enumerate surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic methods assessed in co-culture experiments. In conclusion, we underline collisions in the field and point out the role of the co-cultures for neurobiological studies.
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Abbreviations
- Asn:
-
Asparagine
- ATM:
-
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated
- DMSO:
-
Dimethyl sulfoxide
- EEAT2:
-
Excitatory amino acid transporter 2
- EGF:
-
Epidermal growth factor
- FGF:
-
Fibroblast growth factor
- GLAST:
-
Glutamate and aspartate transporter
- Gln:
-
Glutamine
- Glu:
-
Glutamate
- GLT-1:
-
Glutamate transporter
- GSC:
-
Glioma stem-like cell
- GFAP:
-
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- Cx43:
-
Connexin 43
- GRO:
-
Growth-related oncogene
- JAK:
-
Janus kinase
- IL:
-
Interleukin
- MCP:
-
Monocyte chemoattractant protein
- MMP:
-
Matrix metalloproteinase
- mRNA:
-
Matrix RNA
- miRNA, miR:
-
MicroRNA
- MSC:
-
Mesenchymal stem cells
- NRP-2:
-
Neuropilin 2
- PCR:
-
Polymerase chain reaction
- PI:
-
Propidium iodide
- siRNA:
-
Small interfering RNA
- SPARC:
-
Secreted protein acidic and rich and cysteine
- STAT:
-
Signal transducer and activator
- TGF:
-
Transforming growth factor
- TIMP:
-
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase
- TRAIL:
-
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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The work was carried out within the Grant Number 17-00-00161 issued by the Russian Foundation For Basic Research.
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IVC: source selection, analytical discussion, manuscript composing; OIG: analytical discussion; DAC and NFG: scientific editing.
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I.V. Chekhonin declares that he has financial relationship with the funding organization. O.I. Gurina declares that she has financial relationship with the funding organization. D.A. Chistiakov declares that he has no potential conflict of interest. N.F. Grinenko declares that she has no potential conflict of interest.
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Chekhonin, I.V., Chistiakov, D.A., Grinenko, N.F. et al. Glioma Cell and Astrocyte Co-cultures As a Model to Study Tumor–Tissue Interactions: A Review of Methods. Cell Mol Neurobiol 38, 1179–1195 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-018-0588-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-018-0588-3