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Introduction of a Recyclable Basic Ionic Solvent with Bis-(NHC) Ligand Property and The Possibility of Immobilization on Magnetite for Ligand- and Base-Free Pd-Catalyzed Heck, Suzuki and Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reactions in Water

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Abstract

A new versatile and recyclable NHC ligand precursor has been developed with ligand, base, and solvent functionalities for the efficient Pd-catalyzed Heck, Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions under mild conditions. Furthermore, NHC ligand precursor was immobilized on magnetite and its catalytic activity was also evaluated towards the coupling reactions as a heterogeneous catalyst. The NHC ligand precursor was prepared with imidazolium functionalization of TCT followed by a simple ion exchange by hydroxide ions. However, the results revealed an excellent catalytic activity for the both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems. 1.52 g.cm−3 and 1194 cP was obtained for the density and viscosity of the NHC ligand precursor respectively. On the other hand, the heterogeneous type could be readily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused for several times while preserving its properties. Heterogeneous nature of the magnetic catalyst was studied by hot filtration, mercury poisoning, and three-phase tests. High to excellent yields were obtained for all entries for the both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, which reflects the high consistency of the catalyst.

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Acknowledgement

This work was sponsored in part by Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No. 20170520296).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, PR China

    Qingwang Min, Penghua Miao, Deyu Chu, **ghan Liu & Meijuan Qi

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shiraz University, 7194684795, Shiraz, Iran

    Milad Kazemnejadi

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  1. Qingwang Min
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  2. Penghua Miao
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  3. Deyu Chu
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  4. **ghan Liu
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  5. Meijuan Qi
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Correspondence to Qingwang Min or Milad Kazemnejadi.

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Min, Q., Miao, P., Chu, D. et al. Introduction of a Recyclable Basic Ionic Solvent with Bis-(NHC) Ligand Property and The Possibility of Immobilization on Magnetite for Ligand- and Base-Free Pd-Catalyzed Heck, Suzuki and Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reactions in Water. Catal Lett 151, 3030–3047 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-021-03552-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-021-03552-5

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