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The Dynamic Change of Gene-Regulated Networks in Cashmere Goat Skin with Seasonal Variation

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Abstract

The Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) is renowned for its high-quality fiber production trait. The hair cycle in Cashmere goat has an annual rhythm. To deepen the understanding of the molecular foundation of annual rhythm in the skin of Cashmere goat, we did a comparative analysis of the Cashmere goat skin transcriptome all year round. 4002 Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with seasonal variations. 12 months transcriptome were divided into four developmental stages: Jan–Mar, Apr–Jul, Aug–Oct, and Nov–Dec based on gene expression patterns. 13 modules of highly correlated genes in skin were identified using WGCNA. Ten of these modules were consistent with the development stages. The gene function of those genes in each module was analyzed by functional enrichment. The results indicated that Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways were inhibited from January to March and activated from April to July. The cutaneous immune system of Cashmere goats has high activity from August to October. Fatty acid metabolism dominates goat skin from November to December. This study provides new information related to the annual skin development cycle, which could provide molecular biological significance for understanding the seasonal development and response to the annual rhythm of skin.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. The sequencing data have been submitted to NCBI SRA under BioProject ID: PRJNA000000.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to thank my dearest daughter, Han Wu. It would not be possible to write this article without the support from her.

Funding

This work was supported by the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities (BS526, BS527) to Dr. Sile Hu and Jianghong Wu, the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolian (2019LH03012, 2018MS03034, 2019MS03078) to Dr. Sile Hu, Jianghong Wu, and Chun Li, the Innovation Foundation of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences (2017CXJJM03-2) to Dr. Jianghong Wu, and the Opening Foundation of Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Personalized Medicine, the Science Research Project of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities (MDK2019088, MDK2019086) to Dr. Sile Hu, Jianghong Wu.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China

    Sile Hu, Hongyan Huo & Haihua Bai

  2. Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China

    Sile Hu, Chun Li & Dubala Wu

  3. College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China

    Chun Li, Dubala Wu & Jianghong Wu

  4. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China

    Jianghong Wu

  5. Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technical Research Center for Personalized Medicine, Tongliao, 028000, China

    Sile Hu & Haihua Bai

  6. Institute of Resource Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China

    Sile Hu & Haihua Bai

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Contributions

JW conceived and designed the experiments. SH, CL, WB, and HH performed the experiments. SH and CL analyzed the data. WB, HB, and HH contributed with reagents, materials, and analysis tools. SH and JW wrote the paper. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jianghong Wu.

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The authors declare that the grant, scholarship, and/or funding for this study do not lead to any conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Ethical Approval

This manuscript report data were collected from goat. The goat experiments were performed according to the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals (Ministry of Science and Technology, China; revised in June 2004) and approved by the ethics committee of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities.

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Hu, S., Li, C., Wu, D. et al. The Dynamic Change of Gene-Regulated Networks in Cashmere Goat Skin with Seasonal Variation. Biochem Genet 60, 527–542 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-021-10114-2

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