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The Effect of Irrigation Management and Nitrogen Fertilizer On Grain Yield and Water-use Efficiency of Rice Cultivars in Northern Iran

Der Effekt von Bewässerungsmanagement und Stickstoffdünger auf Kornertrag und Wassernutzungseffizienz von Reissorten im nördlichen Iran

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Abstract

Alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWDI) is a water-conserving strategy in rice fields. An experiment, conducted as a split-split plot design and based on a randomized complete block design with three repetitions, investigated the effect of intermittent irrigation and nitrogen on yield and water-use efficiency during 2017 and 2018 crop years in northern Iran. The irrigation intervals (flooding (I1), 7 days (I2), 14 days (I3)) were main factors, different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (50 kg/ha (N1), 75 kg/ha (N2), 100 kg/ha (N3)) were sub-factors, and cultivars (Gilaneh (C1) and Hashemi (C2)) were sub-sub-factors. Results showed that compared to flood irrigation, intermittent irrigation led to 16 to 43% and 13 to 43% water economization in 2017 and 2018, respectively, accompanied by a significant increase in water-use efficiency. By increasing the irrigation intervals, grain yield of the Gilaneh cultivar decreased significantly in all three fertilization levels. Compared to flood irrigation, total dry matter reduced significantly by increasing the irrigation interval. Maximum grain yield, total dry matter, and harvest index were achieved for the 100 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer treatment in I1, I2, and I3 levels. Intermittent irrigation reduced leaf relative water content and increased leaf proline content in both cultivars. Leaf relative water content (R = 0.89**) showed the highest correlation coefficient with grain yield. The Hashemi cultivar showed higher leaf relative water content and leaf proline content and, while achieving 16.61% and 13.94% water conservation in the I2 treatment in 2017 and 2018, respectively, resulted in a yield equivalent to flood irrigation.

Zusammenfassung

Die intermittierende Bewässerung (alternate wetting and drying irrigation, AWDI) ist eine wassersparende Strategie in Reisfeldern. Ein Experiment, das als Split-Split-Plot-Design durchgeführt wurde und auf einem randomisierten vollständigen Blockdesign mit drei Wiederholungen basiert, untersuchte die Wirkung von intermittierender Bewässerung und Stickstoff auf den Ertrag und die Wassernutzungseffizienz in den Erntejahren 2017 und 2018 im nördlichen Iran. Die Bewässerungsintervalle (Überflutung (I1), 7 Tage (I2), 14 Tage (I3)) waren Hauptfaktoren, verschiedene Stickstoffdüngermengen (50 kg/ha (N1), 75 kg/ha (N2), 100 kg/ha (N3)) waren Subfaktoren und die Kultursorten (Gilaneh (C1) und Hashemi (C2)) waren Sub-Subfaktoren. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die intermittierende Bewässerung im Vergleich zur Flutbewässerung zu einer Wassereinsparung von 16 bis 43 % bzw. 13 bis 43 % in den Jahren 2017 und 2018 führte, begleitet von einer signifikanten Steigerung der Wassernutzungseffizienz. Durch die Erhöhung der Bewässerungsintervalle sank der Kornertrag der Sorte Gilaneh in allen drei Düngungsstufen signifikant. Im Vergleich zur Flutbewässerung verringerte sich die Gesamttrockenmasse durch die Erhöhung des Bewässerungsintervalls signifikant. Der maximale Kornertrag, die Gesamttrockenmasse und der Ernte-Index wurden bei der Behandlung mit 100 kg/ha Stickstoffdünger in den Stufen I1, I2 und I3 erreicht. Die intermittierende Bewässerung reduzierte den relativen Wassergehalt der Blätter und erhöhte den Prolingehalt der Blätter in beiden Sorten. Der relative Wassergehalt der Blätter (R = 0,89**) zeigte den höchsten Korrelationskoeffizienten mit dem Kornertrag. Die Sorte Hashemi zeigte einen höheren relativen Blatt-Wasser-Gehalt und einen höheren Blatt-Prolin-Gehalt und erreichte bei der I2-Behandlung in den Jahren 2017 und 2018 eine Wassereinsparung von 16,61 % bzw. 13,94 %, was zu einem Ertrag führte, der der Flutbewässerung entsprach.

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Change history

  • 31 August 2021

    The correct affiliation 1 is: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Lahijan branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Lahijan branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran

    Sajad Eisapour Nakhjiri, Majid Ashouri, Seyyed Mostafa Sadeghi & Naser Mohammadian Roshan

  2. Rice Research Institue of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rashat, Iran

    Mojtaba Rezaei

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  1. Sajad Eisapour Nakhjiri
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  2. Majid Ashouri
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  3. Seyyed Mostafa Sadeghi
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  4. Naser Mohammadian Roshan
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  5. Mojtaba Rezaei
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Correspondence to Majid Ashouri.

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S. Eisapour Nakhjiri, M. Ashouri, S.M. Sadeghi, N. Mohammadin Roshan and M. Rezaei declare that they have no competing interests.

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Eisapour Nakhjiri, S., Ashouri, M., Sadeghi, S.M. et al. The Effect of Irrigation Management and Nitrogen Fertilizer On Grain Yield and Water-use Efficiency of Rice Cultivars in Northern Iran. Gesunde Pflanzen 73, 359–366 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00562-6

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