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Identification of a female-produced pheromone in a destructive invasive species: Asian longhorn beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis

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Abstract

Male-produced pheromone components have been reported in the Asian longhorn beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), but field attraction to these components has been less than overwhelming. Female ALBs were observed rhythmically extending the genitalia in a manner reminiscent of female calling behaviors in other cerambycid species. We thus hypothesized that female ALBs release volatile pheromone while performing this sex-specific behavior. A group of sesquiterpenes, including a major compound α-longipinene and several minor ones α-cubebene, α-ylangene, (−)-α-copaene, α-bergamotene, β-caryophyllene, and α-farnesene, found in genitalia extracts from virgin females elicited male antennal responses. Y-tube olfactometer assays indicated significant attraction of α-longipinene to both sexes in either the presence or absence of host volatiles. This compound was also detected in genitalia extracts from virgin males, though in much lower quantities than in females. Dose–response experiments conducted in the y-tube olfactometer and field both revealed that α-longipinene was attractive at the higher doses, but not at the lower ones. In the field, traps baited with a blend containing α-longipinene, α-cubebene, and β-caryophyllene captured significantly more ALB than solvent controls. The trap catches of α-longipinene combined with either the minor components or host compounds were both greater than those of α-longipinene alone, but the difference was not significant. These results indicate that α-longipinene is a new type of female-produced volatile pheromone in ALB, and the attraction may be synergistically enhanced by several minor components. Sesquiterpenes may play an important role in intraspecies chemical communication of this insect.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ann Hajek of Cornell University for providing ALB from the Sarkaria Arthropod Research Laboratory for our use, Shaoming Hong of Huaiyuan Bureau of Forestry, Huaiyuan, Anhui, China, and Guobin Gu of Hunchun Bureau of Forestry, Hunchun, Jilin, China, for access to field sites and assistance with field work. We also thank Dr. Chunbo Zhang of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China, for providing laboratory facilities and solvents used in lure preparation. This research was made possible by the generous support of the Alphawood Foundation.

Funding

This study was funded by grants from the Alphawood Foundation to SAT.

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Author notes

  1. Tian Xu

    Present address: State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei**g, 100101, China

  2. Dong H. Cha

    Present address: USDA-ARS, US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, 64 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA

    Tian Xu, Laura Hansen, Dong H. Cha & Stephen A. Teale

  2. College of Forestry, Nan**g Forestry University, Nan**g, 210037, China

    Dejun Hao

  3. School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Hefei, 230036, China

    Longwa Zhang

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  1. Tian Xu
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Correspondence to Tian Xu.

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Communicated by J.J. Duan.

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Xu, T., Hansen, L., Cha, D.H. et al. Identification of a female-produced pheromone in a destructive invasive species: Asian longhorn beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis. J Pest Sci 93, 1321–1332 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-020-01229-3

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