Abstract
Nonylphenol is a typical endocrine-disrupting chemical that has received considerable attention from government officials, scientists and the public due to its estrogenicity and ubiquitous occurrence in water environments. Here we review the current knowledge on nonylphenol occurrence, distribution, toxic effects and water quality criteria related to the protection of freshwater organisms. Nonylphenol enters the water ecosystem mainly via wastewater treatment plant effluents, agricultural runoff, groundwater discharge from air, soil, water and agricultural sources. Toxic effects of nonylphenol on aquatic organisms include acute toxic effects, growth and development effects, estrogenic effect and reproductive effects, neurotoxicity, liver toxicity and immunotoxicity.
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Abbreviations
- PNEC:
-
Predicted no-effect concentration
- SWQC:
-
Short-term water quality criteria
- LWQC:
-
Long-term water quality criteria
- NOEC:
-
No observable effects concentration
- CCME:
-
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment
- USEPA:
-
United States Environmental Protection Agency
- LC50 :
-
50% of the lethal concentration
- EC50 :
-
50% of the effective concentration
- EC10 :
-
10% of the effective concentration
- EE2 :
-
17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol
- HC5 :
-
Hazardous concentration for 5% of species
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41773085, 41521003) and Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (2017ZX07301005-001).
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Hong, Y., Feng, C., Yan, Z. et al. Nonylphenol occurrence, distribution, toxicity and analytical methods in freshwater. Environ Chem Lett 18, 2095–2106 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01060-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01060-3