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CT-assessed sarcopenia and prognostic nutritional index are associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

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Abstract

Purpose

Recently, it has been reported that sarcopenia and nutritional evaluation are associated with the prognosis of patients with cancer; however, there are only a few detailed reports on oral cancer. This single-center retrospective study aimed to analyze the relationship between computed tomography (CT)-assessed sarcopenia (CT-SP), immunocompetence, nutritional status, and the prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods

This retrospective study included patients who underwent radical therapy with surgery for OSCC between January 2014 and January 2021. Skeletal muscle in the third cervical vertebra (C3) was measured using preoperative cervical CT, and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated. Nutritional status were investigated using blood tests. The correlation between each parameter and prognosis was analyzed. The primary predictor variables were SMI, ECOG performance status, BMI, and nutritional status. The primary outcome variable was the 5-year overall survival rate (OS) and the secondary outcome variable was 5-year disease-specific survival rate (DSS).

Results

One hundred sixty-three patients were registered retrospectively. The number of patients with CT-SP was 76 (52%). In the univariate analysis, CT-SP, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) were associated with poor prognosis, with statistically significant differences in OS and DSS. In the multivariate analysis, only CT-SP was identified as an independent prognostic factor for DSS. CT-SP was significantly correlated with the PNI.

Conclusion

CT-SP was associated with a significant decrease in survival rate in patients with OSCC. Furthermore, CT-SP was correlated with the PNI.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shizuoka City Shizuoka Hospital, 10-93, Outemachi, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 420-8690, Japan

    Yoshio Ohyama, Yoshinori Inaba & Kazuki Hasegawa

  2. Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan

    Mako Kubota & Tomoki Kanemaru

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  1. Yoshio Ohyama
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and data analysis were performed by Yoshio Ohyama, Yoshinori Inaba, Tomoki Kanemaru, and Mako Kubota. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Yoshio Ohyama and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yoshio Ohyama.

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Ethics approval

This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shizuoka City Shizuoka Hospital (Registry No.20–40) and was performed in accordance with the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Ohyama, Y., Inaba, Y., Kubota, M. et al. CT-assessed sarcopenia and prognostic nutritional index are associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Maxillofac Surg 28, 659–666 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-023-01191-1

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