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Reliability of Ultrasound Examination of Hyoid Bone Displacement Amplitude: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Abstract

In swallowing, the hyoid bone moves up and forward in response to the activation of suprahyoid muscles, opening the upper esophageal sphincter and aiding the airway protection mechanism. This displacement measure has been analyzed with ultrasound images because this method does not expose the patient to radiation, has a good cost–benefit ratio, and is safe for the patient. However, there is no consensus on the reliability of this ultrasound measure. The objective of this study was to analyze the reliability of measuring hyoid bone displacement amplitude in swallowing with ultrasound. The systematic review encompassed five databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) and gray literature. There was no limitation of language or year of publication. The search/selection/extraction methodology was conducted by two authors blindly and independently, and differences were solved by a third rater. Three studies met the eligibility criteria: two of them analyzed the reliability in non-dysphagic populations and the other, in dysphagic patients. The transducer was positioned in the submandibular region in all studies. The authors were not clear about the training time to acquire and analyze ultrasound images. The meta-analysis had an interrater reliability of 0.858 (95% CI: 0.744–0.924) and intrarater reliability of 0.968 (95% CI: 0.903–0.990). There was, however, heterogeneity of p = 0.005 for intrarater reliability. Despite good reliability, the heterogeneity reinforces the importance of training and protocol standardization for image acquisition and analysis.

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Acknowledgements

The review protocol named Ultrasonographic reliability in the process of evaluation of the swallowing biomechanics was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD42020164655. It is available at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=164655. The protocol underwent some adjustments throughout the review, its title was changed, the PICO question was readapted, and the search strategy was readjusted.

Funding

The first author of this review received financial support from DS/CAPES. This paper was conducted with support from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel Brazil (CAPES) Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE. Recife, Teacher Artur de Sá Street, S/N, University City, Recife, PE, 50674-420, Brazil

    Rodrigo Alves de Andrade, Maria das Graças Wanderley do Sales Coriolano, Eduarda Lopes Honorato de Souza, Jamilly Henrique Costa da Silva, Maria Deluana da Cunha & Hilton Justino da Silva

  2. Federal University of Paraíba, UFPB, Campus I, Lot. University City, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil

    Leandro Pernambuco

  3. University of Brasília - UnB, University Campus Darcy Ribeiro, S/N - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil

    Vanessa Veis Ribeiro

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  1. Rodrigo Alves de Andrade
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Correspondence to Rodrigo Alves de Andrade.

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Andrade, R.A.d., do Sales Coriolano, M.d.G.W., de Souza, E.L.H. et al. Reliability of Ultrasound Examination of Hyoid Bone Displacement Amplitude: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dysphagia 37, 1375–1385 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-022-10429-1

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