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Secondary central nervous system relapse in diffuse large B cell lymphoma in a resource limited country: result from the Thailand nationwide multi-institutional registry

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Abstract

Secondary central nervous system (CNS) relapse is a serious and fatal complication of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Data on secondary CNS (SCNS) relapse were mostly obtained from western countries with limited data from develo** countries. We analyzed the data of 2034 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients enrolled into the multi-center registry under Thai Lymphoma Study Group from setting. The incidence, September 2006 to December 2013 to represent outcome from a resource limited pattern, management, and outcome of SCNS relapse were described. The 2-year cumulative incidence (CI) of SCNS relapse was 2.7 %. A total of 729, 1024, and 281 patients were classified as low-, intermediate-, and high-risk CNS international prognostic index (CNS-IPI) with corresponding 2-year CI of SCNS relapse of 1.5, 3.1, and 4.6 %, respectively (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis demonstrated advance stage disease, poor performance status, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, presence of B symptoms, more than one extranodal organ involvement, high IPI, and high CNS-IPI group as predictive factors for SCNS relapse. Rituximab exposure and intrathecal chemoprophylaxis offered no protective effect against SCNS relapse. At the time of analysis, six patients were alive. Median OS in SCNS relapsed patients was significantly shorter than relapsed patients without CNS involvement (13.2 vs 22.6 months) (p < 0.001). Primary causes of death were progressive disease (n = 35, 63.6 %) and infection (n = 9, 16.7 %). In conclusion, although the incidence of SCNS relapse in our cohort was low, the prognosis was dismal. Prophylaxis for SCNS involvement was underused even in high-risk patients. Novel approaches for SCNS relapse prophylaxis and managements are warranted.

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Acknowledgment

The authors acknowledge the collective contribution of the medical, nursing, and administrative staff of each member center of Thai Lymphoma Study Group.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV road Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand

    Kitsada Wudhikarn, Udomsak Bunworasate & Tanin Intragumtornchai

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand

    Jakrawadee Julamanee & Arnuparp Lekhakula

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Suporn Chuncharunee & Pimjai Niparuck

  4. Department of Internal Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Supachai Ekwattanakit & Archrob Khuhapinant

  5. Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Lalita Norasetthada & Weerasak Nawarawong

  6. Department of Internal Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand

    Nisa Makruasi

  7. Department of Internal Medicine, Thammasart University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Nonglak Kanitsap

  8. Department of Internal Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand

    Chittima Sirijerachai & Kanchana Chansung

  9. Department of Internal Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand

    Peerapon Wong

  10. Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand

    Tontanai Numbenjapon & Kannadit Prayongratana

  11. Department of Internal Medicine, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand

    Tawatchai Suwanban

  12. Department of Internal Medicine, Khonkaen Regional Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand

    Somchai Wongkhantee

  13. Department of Internal Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand

    Pannee Praditsuktavorn

Authors
  1. Kitsada Wudhikarn
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  2. Udomsak Bunworasate
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  3. Jakrawadee Julamanee
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  5. Suporn Chuncharunee
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  6. Pimjai Niparuck
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  9. Lalita Norasetthada
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  11. Nisa Makruasi
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  12. Nonglak Kanitsap
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  13. Chittima Sirijerachai
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  14. Kanchana Chansung
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  15. Peerapon Wong
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  16. Tontanai Numbenjapon
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  17. Kannadit Prayongratana
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  18. Tawatchai Suwanban
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  19. Somchai Wongkhantee
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  20. Pannee Praditsuktavorn
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  21. Tanin Intragumtornchai
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on behalf of Thai Lymphoma Study Group

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kitsada Wudhikarn.

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Ethical statements

The institutional review board committee at each participation site approved the study. All patients provided informed consent granting the investigator to abstract their medical information for research purposes.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Wudhikarn, K., Bunworasate, U., Julamanee, J. et al. Secondary central nervous system relapse in diffuse large B cell lymphoma in a resource limited country: result from the Thailand nationwide multi-institutional registry. Ann Hematol 96, 57–64 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-016-2848-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-016-2848-y

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