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Multimodality diagnostic imaging for anomalous pulmonary venous connections: a pictorial essay

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Abstract

Anomalous pulmonary venous connections represent a heterogeneous group of congenital heart diseases in which a part or all pulmonary venous flow drains directly or indirectly into the right atrium. Clinically, anomalous pulmonary venous connections may be silent or have variable consequences, including neonatal cyanosis, volume overload and pulmonary arterial hypertension due to the left-to-right shunt. Anomalous pulmonary venous connections are frequently associated with other congenital cardiac defects and their accurate diagnosis is crucial for treatment planning. Therefore, multimodality diagnostic imaging, comprising a combination (but not all) of echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, cardiothoracic computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, helps identify potential blind spots relevant to each imaging modality before treatment and achieve optimal management and monitoring. For the same reasons, diagnostic imaging evaluation using a multimodality fashion should be used after treatment. Finally, those interpreting the images should be familiar with the various surgical approaches used to repair anomalous pulmonary venous connections and the common postoperative complications.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Seon Young Goo and Shindi Eugene Tiurma Tampubolon (for editing spelling and grammar) and Asmoko Resta Permana (for the preparation of Figure 1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia

    Oktavia Lilyasari

  2. Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Hyun Woo Goo

  3. Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand

    Suvipaporn Siripornpitak

  4. Pediatric and Congenital Heart Centre, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Haifa Abdul Latiff

  5. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan

    Hideki Ota

  6. Unidad de Radiologia Pediatrica, Servicio de Radiologia, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain

    Pablo Caro-Dominguez

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  1. Oktavia Lilyasari
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All authors whose names appear on the submission (1) made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data; (2) drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content; (3) approved the version to be published; and (4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

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Correspondence to Hyun Woo Goo.

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Lilyasari, O., Goo, H.W., Siripornpitak, S. et al. Multimodality diagnostic imaging for anomalous pulmonary venous connections: a pictorial essay. Pediatr Radiol 53, 2120–2133 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-023-05660-3

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