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Development of a liquid-nitrogen-induced homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction of Co(II) and Ni(II) from water and fruit juice samples followed by atomic absorption spectrometry detection

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Abstract

In this study, a simple and rapid sample preparation method named liquid-nitrogen-induced homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction has been developed for the extraction and pre-concentration of Co(II) and Ni(II) ions before their analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. For this purpose, first, acetonitrile containing 8-hydroxyquinoline is added into a sample solution and the mixture is vortexed. As a result, a homogeneous solution is formed. Subsequently, the solution is cooled using liquid nitrogen for a few seconds. By this process, due to difference in the freezing point of acetonitrile and water, the homogeneous state is broken and the analytes (as oxinate complexes) are extracted into liquid acetonitrile phase collected on top of the frozen aqueous phase. The linear dynamic ranges obtained for Ni(II) and Co(II) were 1.0–30 and 0.50–20 μg L−1, respectively. The obtained limits of detection were 0.36 and 0.20 μg L−1 for Ni(II) and Co(II), respectively.

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Abbreviations

EF:

Enrichment factor

ER:

Extraction recovery

FAAS:

Flame atomic absorption spectrometry

HLLME:

Homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction

8-HQ:

8-Hydroxyquinoline

LOD:

Limit of detection

LOQ:

Limit of quantification

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Research Council of the University of Tabriz for financial support.

Funding

Saeed Mohammad Sorouraddin has received research grants from the University of Tabriz.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666, Iran

    Tohid Okhravi, Saeed Mohammad Sorouraddin, Mir Ali Farajzadeh & Ali Mohebbi

  2. Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, 10, Mersin, Turkey

    Mir Ali Farajzadeh

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  1. Tohid Okhravi
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Correspondence to Saeed Mohammad Sorouraddin.

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Okhravi, T., Sorouraddin, S.M., Farajzadeh, M.A. et al. Development of a liquid-nitrogen-induced homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction of Co(II) and Ni(II) from water and fruit juice samples followed by atomic absorption spectrometry detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 412, 1675–1684 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02406-0

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