Abstract
Soil microbial diversity consisted of both culturable and non-culturable microbes. The cultivated microbes can be identified by conventional microbiological processes. However, that is not possible for the non-culturable ones. In those cases, next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based metagenomics become useful. In this study, we targeted two very popular tea gardens of Darjeeling hills—Makaibari (Mak) and Castleton (Cas). The main difference between these two study areas is the type of manure they use. Mak is solely an organic tea garden using all organic manure and fertilizers whereas Cas uses inorganic pesticides and fertilizers. The main aim was to compare the effect of organic manure over chemical fertilizers on the soil microbiomes. We have performed the 16 s metagenomics analysis based on the V3–V4 region. Downstream bioinformatics analysis including reverse ecology was performed. We found that the overall microbial diversity is higher in Mak compared to Cas. Moreover, the use of organic manure has reduced the population of pathogenic bacteria in Mak soil when compared to Cas soil. From the observations made through the metagenomics analysis of Mak and Cas soil samples, we may conclude that the application of organic manure supports the population of good bacteria in the soil which may eventually impact the tea garden workers’ health.
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge Makaibari and Castleton tea gardens for providing us samples and other supports. Especial acknowledgement to Dr. P.K. Dutta, North Bengal Medica Nursing Home, Siliguri for sharing his knowledge about the health aspect of tea garden workers.
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AS conceived the idea and did the experimental design. PK, GS, SC, MB collected and prepared samples for metagenomics. MB, PK and SB did the soil analysis related work. AS, GS and IS did the bioinformatics analysis. Figures and art works are mostly done by IS. All the authors contributed in manuscript writing and approved.
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Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.
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Sarkar, I., Kar, P., Sen, G. et al. Metagenomic outlooks of microbial dynamics influenced by organic manure in tea garden soils of North Bengal, India. Arch Microbiol 204, 33 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02635-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02635-6